2015
DOI: 10.1038/nri3834
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Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die

Abstract: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has important roles in mammalian immunity and cellular homeostasis. Deregulation of TNF receptor (TNFR) signalling is associated with many inflammatory disorders, including various types of arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, and targeting TNF has been an effective therapeutic strategy in these diseases. This Review focuses on the recent advances that have been made in understanding TNFR signalling and the consequences of its deregulation f… Show more

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Cited by 819 publications
(855 citation statements)
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References 183 publications
(218 reference statements)
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“…NF-κB activation participates in critical regulatory pathways that oppose apoptosis (27,50). Epithelial cell-specific deletion of IKK2 or IKKγ impairs NF-κB activity and leads to increased cell apoptosis (51,52).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…NF-κB activation participates in critical regulatory pathways that oppose apoptosis (27,50). Epithelial cell-specific deletion of IKK2 or IKKγ impairs NF-κB activity and leads to increased cell apoptosis (51,52).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TNF-α is one of the primary cytokines that participate in diverse inflammatory reactions. Upon binding to its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, TNF-α induces complex intracellular signaling cascades mediating inflammation and promoting cell survival or death (27). We investigated the role of TNF-α, markedly elevated after olfactory lesioning, during neuroregeneration using TNFR1 −/− , TNFR2 −/− , or double-knockout (DKO) mice.…”
Section: Olfactory Neuroregeneration Is Accompanied By An Acute Inflamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…22 TNF receptor 1 activation can trigger apoptosis and necroptosis, but the latter is favored in case of caspase deactivation. 24 Meanwhile, the first negative regulator of necroptosis has been described. Protein phosphatase 1b dephosphorylates phosphorylated RIPK3, which thereby loses its ability to activate MLKLmediated membrane rupture.…”
Section: Categories Of Regulated Necrosismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When necrosis is induced, activated RIP3 binds to MLKL and subsequently phosphorylates MLKL 21. Phosphorylated MLKL can disturb the intact structure of the plasma membranes as well as the organelle membrane and change its permeability 10, 23, 24. The N‐terminal coil‐coil domain of MLKL possesses series of amino acids with positive charges and enables MLKL to interact with the negative‐charged phospholipids of the plasma membrane as well as the different phosphatidylinositol phosphates within organelle membranes (Figure 3).…”
Section: Death Receptor Pathway Of Necrosismentioning
confidence: 99%