Rehabilitation of an Incised Stream Using Plant Materials: the Dominance of Geomorphic Processes

Shields, F. Douglas; Pezeshki, S. R.; Wilson, Glen V.; Wu, Weiming; Dabney, Seth M.

doi:10.5751/es-02651-130254

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Findings here are consistent with previously published work on the effects of the LTC project (Shields et al, 2008b). Stream rehabilitation effects on physical habitat were modest and transient, while hydrology and water quality were not changed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Macroinvertebrate response to stream restoration by large wood addition

2011

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We examined the aquatic macroinvertebrate community response to habitat rehabilitation activities in an incised, sand-bed stream. Seventy-two large wood (LW) structures were placed along 2 km of Little Topashaw Creek (37 km 2 watershed) in north-central Mississippi, USA. Macroinvertebrate collections were made from bed sediments, LW, leaf packs and qualitative multi-habitat sampling during 2 years prior to and 2 years following LW addition. Addition of LW tripled the availability of wood substrate but had no measurable effect on macroinvertebrate abundance or family richness. Ordination analyses revealed subtle differences in community composition between treated and untreated conditions, but these were related to antecedent discharge (occurrence of high flows during the preceding 6 months) and bed sediment composition rather than the availability of LW. Restoration of incising, sand-bed streams must include measures that address perturbed hydrology and degraded water quality as well as instream treatments. Published in 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Similarly, initial survival of willow cuttings was excellent, particularly for those planted at lower elevations adjacent to the baseflow channel (Pezeshki et al, 2007), but only about 40% survived through the end of this study (Martin et al, 2005;Shields et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Restoration Projectmentioning

confidence: 97%

Macroinvertebrate response to stream restoration by large wood addition

2011

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“…Normally, one would expect greater basal erosion and thus bank retreat downstream from the bend apex (at the pumped plot); however, during the period of observation, deposition actually occurred along the outside (concave) bank of the meander bend and erosion all along the inside as described by Shields et al (2008). The plot treatments were as follows:…”

Section: Site and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streambank dewatering for increased stability

Shields

Simon

Dabney

2009

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Streambank erosion is often the dominant source of sediment leaving modified watersheds. Mass failure of high, steep banks is one of the most serious forms of streambank erosion. The risk of a given bank experiencing mass failure is a function of bank height, angle, and soil strength, which is governed by soil moisture. Two methods for bank dewatering were tested in adjacent sections of streambank bordering a deeply incised channel in northern Mississippi: a low-cost pump system and subsurface horizontal drains. Pore water pressures (both positive and negative pressures, or matric suction) were continuously monitored for 2 years at the pumped site, at an adjacent untreated control section, and for 1 year at the site stabilized with horizontal drains. Resulting data were used to calculate a time series of the factor of safety using a computer model. Over the course of two wet seasons, average bank retreats for the control and pumped plots were 0Ð43 and 0Ð21 m, respectively. More limited monitoring revealed that the site with passive drains retreated about 0Ð23 m. At the pumped site pore water pressure was 3-4 kPa lower than at the control site during the most critical periods. Accordingly, computed factors of safety were above the failure threshold at the pumped site, but fell below unity at the control site on 11 occasions over the period of observation. Similarly, the drained site displayed generally lower pore water pressure and higher safety factors except for two events when drains were evidently overwhelmed with the volume of local surface and subsurface flows. These results suggest, but do not prove, that bank dewatering promoted lower rates of bank retreat and higher levels of stability since the three sites had slight differences in soils, geometry and boundary conditions. Initial cost of the dewatering treatments were significantly less than orthodox bank stabilization measures, but operation and maintenance requirements may be greater.

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“…During 1999-2004, only one overbank flow (unmeasured) was observed due to the extreme channel incision. The estimated 2-year discharge (magnitude equaled or exceeded, on average, once every 2 years) is 74 m 3 s 1 with a standard error of 35% (Shields et al, 2008). An observed discharge of 55 m 3 s 1 only reached mid-bank levels.…”

Section: Project Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of effects of large wood structures on channel morphology and fish habitat suitability in a Southern US sandy creek

He¹,

Wu²,

Shields³

2009

Ecohydrology

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A depth-averaged two-dimensional model was applied to simulate the effect of large wood structures (LWS) on flow, sediment transport, bed change, and fish habitat in a deeply-incised sharp bend in the Little Topashaw Creek, North Central Mississippi. The hydrodynamic simulation showed that the flow was retarded by the large wood matrices along the outer bank and accelerated in the main channel, thus causing deposition along the outer bank and erosion in the main channel, consistent with field observations. Effects on fish habitat were quantified using two approaches. Habitat evaluations using kinetic energy and circulation metrics indicated that LWS only slightly increased the diversity of physical conditions. Weighted usable areas (WUA) for two fish species, blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), were computed using hydrodynamic simulations of three discharges before and after the LWS construction and habitat preference curves for depth and velocity. The results show that the values of WUA for both fish species were increased after LWS installation at all three discharges. Application of LWS improved the quantity and quality of fish habitats. Habitat evaluations based on computation of WUA were more sensitive to the influence of LWS than metrics based on velocity gradients.

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Rehabilitation of an Incised Stream Using Plant Materials: the Dominance of Geomorphic Processes

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Macroinvertebrate response to stream restoration by large wood addition

Macroinvertebrate response to stream restoration by large wood addition

Streambank dewatering for increased stability

Numerical analysis of effects of large wood structures on channel morphology and fish habitat suitability in a Southern US sandy creek

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