Rehabilitation of Tropical Rainforests Based on Potential Natural Vegetation Species for Degraded Areas in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Alias, Mohamad Azani; Hamzah, Mohd Zaki; Fujiwara, Kazue; Meguro, Shin-ichi

doi:10.3759/tropics.7.223

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One technique has been carried out in Bintulu, Sarawak using mixed dense planting method for rehabilitating degraded shifting cultivation area (Miyawaki, 2010). The indigenous tree species recommended were Shoreaovata, S. macrophylla, S. mecistopteryx, Dryobalanops aromatica, Parashorea parvifolia, Hopea beccariana, Durio carinatus and Eusideroxylon zwagery (Alias et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Soil Fertility Status of Rehabilitated Degraded Tropical Rainforest

Jamaluddin

Abdu

Hamid

et al. 2013

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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An assessment of forest rehabilitation program in relation to soil fertility status by using soil indices could provide fundamental information on soil suitability for species preferences and improve the effective technique for future rehabilitation program in tropical rainforests. This study was conducted in order to characterize the soil properties and identifying the soil fertility status of rehabilitated and secondary forests. Soil samples were collected in year 2009 at rehabilitation forests (20 years after planting) and secondary forest of Nirwana Forest Reserve, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia. The rehabilitation plots were planted with mixed dipterocarp and non-dipterocarp species since 1991. Prior to conversion of the areas into various land use types, the rehabilitation and secondary forests areas were considered as natural forests and subsequently subjected to forest logging with Selective Management System (SMS) in 1980s.The plot size for each site was 20×20 m for 18 experimental sites (at different ages after planting) were established, followed by soil sampling at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth randomly using soil auger. Standard soil analysis for physical and chemical properties was used to analyze the soil samples. The soil fertility status was evaluated using two indices, namely Soil Fertility Index (SFI) and Soil Evaluation Factor (SEF) for both rehabilitated and secondary forests. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in pH (water and KCl), exchangeable Mg, Na, Al and ammonium and granule composition (clay, silt and sand) between depths. The PCA result of 70% total variability (OM, TOC, TC and CEC) score in PC1 shows positive relationship, explaining nutrients in the soil stored in the organic matter in the surface soils. The correlation analysis indicated that there were positive relationship (p<0.05) between OM and TC, CEC and exchangeable Al for surface soils. We found that the selected physico-chemical properties had a significant differences based on the age of planting of rehabilitated forests. For subsurface soils, correlation between exchangeable Al and OM and CEC shows strong positive relationship, indicating that negative charge derived from organic materials plays important roles for cation retention capacity. The SFI and SEF for rehabilitation forests showed higher value as compared to secondary forests, indicating forest rehabilitation had improved the soil fertility status of degraded forestland. In conclusion, both rehabilitated and secondary forests have significant differences based on the selected physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the soil fertility status at rehabilitated plots was higher than secondary forest, which is proved that the forest rehabilitation technique is a suitable planting technique for rehabilitating and replenishing soil fertility status of abandoned degraded shifting cultivation land.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Soil Fertility Status of Rehabilitated Degraded Tropical Rainforest

Jamaluddin

Abdu

Hamid

et al. 2013

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…For these reasons, frequent heavy rainfall might have caused a severe erosion of the surface soil and therefore subsurface soils became a current surface layer. Alias et al (1998) stated that the soil of the study site belongs to Bekenu and Nyalau Series. According to Soil Survey Staff (1999) Bekenu Series are fine loamy red yellow podzolic group with hue color of 10YR within 50 cm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several rehabilitation efforts using different technique have been carried out in Malaysia with varying degrees of success. One technique that has been successful in the warm temperate zone is dense planting (Miyawaki, 1993 (Alias et al, 1998). The soil morphological, mineralogical and sesquioxides of the rehabilitated forest are yet to be studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Soil Morphological, Mineralogical and Sesquioxide Properties of Rehabilitated and Secondary Forests

Saga¹,

Ahmed²,

Jamaluddin³

et al. 2010

American J. of Environmental Sciences

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Problem statement: The tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia have been characterized by several researchers. However empirical data on soil characteristics under degraded forest land in tropical rain forest and rehabilitated program are limited. A study was conducted to evaluate the soil morphology, mineralogical and sesquioxide properties of a rehabilitated degraded forest land (19 years after it was planted with various indigenous species) in comparison with an adjacent secondary forest. Approach: Soil samples were air-dried and pass through a 2 mm sieve. Soil morphology was determined based on field observation. The non-crystalline (amorphous) of Al, Fe and Si oxides and hydroxides (Alo, Feo and Sio) were extracted with ammonium oxalate while the dithionate-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) method was used for extracting (crystalline) the Al, Fe and Si oxides and hydroxides (Ald, Fed and Sid). The concentrations of extracted Al, Fe and Si were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mineralogical compositions were identified by X-ray diffraction method. Results: The A-horizon of secondary forest was darker and thicker than that of the rehabilitated forest. Root mat at the secondary forest was well-developed compared to the rehabilitated forest. The clay minerals were dominated with kaolinite and illite to a lesser extent of goethite and hematite accompanied with low values of activity ratio of Al and Fe oxides and hydroxides, indicating that the soils were highly weathered. Conclusion/Recommendations: The difference between rehabilitated and secondary forests was root abundance where secondary forest had most. Good root penetration in the secondary forest indicates that the soil texture there was not heavy. Soils in the rehabilitated and secondary forests were strongly weathered (high presence of kaolin minerals), but the low presence of sesquioxides suggests that they are yet to reached the ultimately weathered phase. The soil properties in terms of morphology, sesquioxides and clay minerals should be taken into account for better management of forest rehabilitation program in tropical regions

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“…A previous study by Hattori et al [43] in Niah Forest Reserve reported that S. macrophylla seedlings had a relatively lower growth rate for height (0.105 cm cm −1 year −1 ) and diameter (0.124 mm mm −1 year −1 ) than that of Dryobalanops beccarii (0.316 cm cm −1 year −1 and 0.328 mm mm −1 year −1 , respectively), S. parvifolia (0.328 cm cm −1 year −1 and 0.308 mm mm −1 year −1 ), and other Shorea species. In open areas of Borneo, the tree height growth of planted dipterocarp species such as S. macrophylla (461 cm after 72 months) [53], S. ovata (450 cm after 60 months) [54], and 11 other dipterocarp species (320 to 580 cm after 60 months) [55] was also reported.…”

Section: Effects Of Seedling Age On Growth After Outplantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outplanting Performance of the Bornean Tropical Indigenous Species Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P. S. Ashton in relation to Seedling Age

Perumal

Wasli

2021

International Journal of Forestry Research

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Planting high-quality seedlings with desirable growth attributes are associated with successful survival and growth performance following outplanting. Considering that most tree species from the Dipterocarpaceae family are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, proper conservation of such species is necessary. Very little is known with no clear consensus regarding whether increasing the seedling production period enhances outplanting survival and growth potential of tropical dipterocarp species planted under enrichment planting in Malaysia. In this study, one potential Bornean tropical indigenous species, Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P.S. Ashton, was produced in the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak nursery and outplanted at Sampadi Forest Reserve, Sarawak. Different nursery production periods (3, 6, 9, and 24 months) were tested for the species at the time of planting as well as for the subsequent growth performance after 12, 24, and 42 months of outplanting. The findings revealed that older (9- and 24-month-old) S. macrophylla seedlings were morphologically larger from younger (3- and 6-month-old) seedlings. Nonetheless, the overall pooled mean survival rates declined from 61.7 to 44.6% after 12, 24, and 42 months of outplanting. For the 42-month period, the survival rate for the 9-month-old seedlings was significantly higher than that for the 3-, 6-, and 24-month-old seedlings. Notwithstanding, the relative growth rate of the stem diameter was higher for the 3- and 9-month-old seedlings than for the 6- and 24-month-old seedlings after 42 months of outplanting. Thus, maintaining plant material from the seedlings produced at 3, 6, and 9 months of age would be beneficial for the initiation of transplantation in restoration programmes in Sarawak. The 24-month-old seedlings will also be useful, especially during irregular flowering and unpredictable fruiting intervals. A further experimental study on other environmental factors that could influence the outplanting performance of the seedlings in the tropical forest restoration area of Sarawak, Malaysia, is necessary.

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Rehabilitation of Tropical Rainforests Based on Potential Natural Vegetation Species for Degraded Areas in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Assessing Soil Fertility Status of Rehabilitated Degraded Tropical Rainforest

Assessing Soil Fertility Status of Rehabilitated Degraded Tropical Rainforest

Selected Soil Morphological, Mineralogical and Sesquioxide Properties of Rehabilitated and Secondary Forests

Outplanting Performance of the Bornean Tropical Indigenous Species Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P. S. Ashton in relation to Seedling Age

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