Silviculture agroforestry regime (SAR), which is a compatible management with forest rehabilitation and also renewal zoning system of the national park, was started to increase the agroforestry productivity surrounding Gunung Merapi National Park (GMNP). In addition, SAR also supported the basic information succession of Mount Merapi eruption in 2006 to strengthen Merapi lava tour. This is an innovative step in developing GMNP, in which its pro-poor conservation is not only based on land productivity, but also based tourism. This study was begun with the development of a permanent plot to study succession (May 2008-Novemper 2009, and the impact of community intervention on grass stock at GMNP, as well as to assess agroforestry typology and its implication on the areas surrounding GMNP. SAR was developed using landuse model based on limiting the factor of each agroforestry cluster. Choosing the treatment in SAR refers to the actual condition and opportunity every agroforestry cluster and sensitivity analysed until the intervention on the GMNP was minimal. The implementation of SAR was done with a software known as Stella 9.0. There are five SAR models which are appropriate for agroforestry cluster (AF); these are labelled as AF1-SAR1, AF2-SAR2, AF3-SAR3, AF4-SAR4 and AF5-SAR5. SAR is based on resources sharing whereby space is arranged through crown pruning and also rationalization number of dairy cows. In addition, SAR has a packet management for synergizing function of private lands (homegarden, dry field and land village as a unit management) and intensification by land tillage, renewal of grass and fertilization. In particular, SAR1-5 has the ability to balance agroforestry management with decreasing local community intervention and increasing biodiversity level on GMNP. The ratio for grass productivity outside GMNP with grass necessity and implementation of SAR was close to an optimum point (1). Meanwhile, the ratio values of SAR1-5 were 0.982, 1.010, 1.44, 1.047 and 1.253, respectively. Nonetheless, the implementation of SAR needs more technology of silviculture agroforestry and a full support from stakeholders.

Silviculture Agroforestry Regime (SAR) is a compatible management model between the local community agroforestry with the intensive buffer zone and Gunung Merapi National Park (GMNP) through forest rehabilitation and renewal zonation system. The aims of this study: to assess the prospects of SAR among the stakeholders, i.e. the local community, the government and the researchers, as well as the challenges on its implementation. This study employed the SWOT analysis (i.e. strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), synergized with the Analysis of Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to quantitative the potential of SAR. The results revealed that SAR has a high potential for implementation in GMNP as a compatible management approach. In accordance with the stakeholders' perception, the strengths and opportunities outweigh the model's weaknesses and threats. SAR is potential for encouraging prospective buffer zone with intensive agroforestry management and also for accelerating forest rehabilitation and renewal zoning system of GMNP. Nonetheless, the implementation of SAR must be integrated with various strategies, for instance, the capacity building, documentation process and outcome, participative monitoring and evaluation, back up policy, experimental plot, compensation programme and skill improvement of silviculture agroforestry. Hence, SAR is serving as a "window opportunity" for learning model that includes the reference outside the national park as a promising buffer zone for developing this new Indonesia's national park, which avoids the image of 'paper park'.

ABSTRACT. A rehabilitation study of tropical rainforesls in Sarawak was conducted in lwo phases, namely a phytosociological study and stand-establishment sludies, the phases run conseculively. Two vegelation communities were recognized: a Cyrtostachys lakka -Whiteodmdron moultinnun community and a Hopea kerangasutsis -Allantospennwn borneense cornmunity. All the species for the planting trial were collected from the Hopea kerangasensis -Allantospermum bomeense community, which has been recognized as the PNV at Bintulu (b4sed on the phytosociological studies). The planted seedlings produced different vertical stratification in different stands. Faster glowth was shown by light-demanding species, and their behavior supported their seleclion for trial planting. Dryobalanops aromatica recorded the largest growth increment at all trial planting sites, followed by Pentaspodon motleyii, Shorea ovata, and S, leprosul.a.

Following the 2006 eruption in Mount Merapi, Indonesia, it is important to assess the dynamic growth and potential standing stock of Acacia decurrens as a woodfuel for the local community surrounding in the southern of Gunung Merapi National Park. Five plots (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5), were established. This study carried out in May 2008. During the period of 18 months, we monitored the recruitment, mortality and survival of A.decurrens in the selected area. The performance of A.decurrens was examined, particularly its diameter, height, density, basal area, volume and relative rate change. The highest average diameter and height of A.decurrens were 14.22±1.85 cm and 5.97±0.66 m, respectively. Standing stock was based on the highest average of the basal area (i.e. 72.07±18.51 m 2 /ha) and volume (i.e. 184.44±24.59 m 3 /ha). The results of this study were important information in supporting the Merapi lava tour and the standing stock of A. decurrens, which promises the local community with a schematic compatible management for GMNP.

Annual wood increment and cambial activity in Macaranga gigantea and Endospermum diadenum growing in tropical rainforest were monitored to examine their relationship with stem sizes and climatic factors. The monitoring period was done from March 2013 to February 2014. Wood blocks containing phloem, cambium and outer sapwood were collected monthly from the main trunk of selected trees. Results showed that M. gigantea with smaller stem diameter showed higher annual diameter increment (16.63 ± 7.2 mm) than those with larger stem diameters (3.30 ± 0.1 mm) The total amount of wood formed in E. diadenum with larger stem diameter (9.17 ± 0.3 mm) was higher than the trees with smaller stem size (3.33 ± 0.3 mm). The rhythm of cambial activity were found different among tree species and stem diameters within the same species. M. gigantea with smaller stem diameter had longer active cambial growth period and produced higher number of cell layers than trees with larger stem diameter. In contrast, E. diadenum with larger stem diameter showed longer active growth period and higher number of cell layers than trees with smaller stem diameter. This study showed no significant correlation between mean number of cambial and enlarging cell layers with monthly total rainfall, monthly mean relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit and day length. Significant negative correlations were detected between maximum temperature and number of cambial and enlarging cell layers in M. gigantea with smaller stem size. For E. diadenum with smaller stem size, monthly mean temperature had significant negative correlation with the number of cambial cell layer. This study concluded that the intra-annual wood formation patterns of this two pioneer species are species specific and stem sizes specific. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.