Relaciones fenéticas entre razas de maíz (Zea mays ssp. mays) nativas de la provincia de Jujuy (Argentina).

Abstract

Summary: Phenetic relationships among natives races of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) from Jujuy (Argentina). The relationships of similarity existing among fifteen maize racial populations of native maize from the province of Jujuy (Argentina) were studied by univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate statistical methods (Discriminant Canonical Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Prim nets) on the basis of 22 quantitative traits (morphological, reproductive and phenological). The ANOVA detected highly significant differences among landraces for almost every variable. The first two canonical variates (cv) explain 75% of the overall variation. The discriminant traits associated to the first and second cv are related to ear and kernel dimensions (row number of kernel per ear and kernel width) and mainly to vegetative cycle length. These results along with the cluster analysis allowed the identification of racial groups, which are described. It also confirmed the existence of high variability in these races and from the minimum distance between OTUs a hypothetical evolutionary tree of these set of races was built. The results are discussed from the taxonomic and evolutionary point of view and in terms of their potential use in the selection of genetic material for maize breeding programs.

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

“…In this study, the clusters derived from morphological characters are consistent with those previously described for NWA landraces. Melchiorre et al [ 44 , 45 ] identified two major maize groups: the first one, regarded as more primitive, is related to the popcorn type (Pisingallo) with early maturity, rather corneous grains and smaller plants; the second group is more heterogeneous, with totally or partially corneous or floury grains and larger plants. The landraces studied here display the same pattern, where groups are associated with the type of endosperm and the main discriminating characters are related to plant size (PH, EH, TBS and NLA).…”

Relaciones fenotipícas y genéticas entre razas tardías de maíz (Zea mays ssp. mays) nativas de la provincia de Misiones (Argentina)

“…Posteriormente, en el cultivo, se señalaron sucesivamente las hojas expandidas número 3, 6 y 12, sobre 12 plantas competitivas por parcela, para facilitar posteriormente el registro del número de hojas y el relevamiento de los demás caracteres morfológicos vegetativos. Los siguientes caracteres considerados fueron los mismos que se utilizaron en trabajos anteriores (Camussi et al, 1983;Melchiorre, 1992;Melchiorre et al, 2017).…”

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

“…In this study, the clusters derived from morphological characters are consistent with those previously described for NWA landraces. Melchiorre et al [41,42] identified two major maize groups: the first one, regarded as more primitive, is related to the popcorn type (Pisingallo) with early maturity, rather corneous grains and smaller plants; the second group is more heterogeneous, with totally or partially corneous or floury grains and larger plants. The landraces studied here display the same pattern, where groups are associated with the type of endosperm and the main discriminating characters are related to plant size (PH, EH, TBS and NLA).…”