Relation of capsular materials and colony opacity to virulence of Vibrio vulnificus

Yoshida, Shin Ichi; Ogawa, Midori; Mizuguchi, Yasuo

doi:10.1128/iai.47.2.446-451.1985

Cited by 186 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, it is assumed that Op and Tr variants of V. vulnificus may be phenotypes of the bacterium with or without the capsular material, respectively. Three of us have previously proved it by electron microscopy (25). The present serological and chemical studies also confirmed the hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Therefore the precipitin line of the PKF of Tr cells was not due to contamination of O antigen. Existence of a continuous thin layer of extracellular material on the Tr cells of L-180 which has been previously reported by three of us (25) was also demonstrated electron microscopically, although the layer was thinner than that of the isogenic Op-type variant (data not shown).…”

Section: Fig 2 Gel Diffusion Test Of K Antigen (Pkf) and O Antigen supporting

confidence: 73%

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Inhibitory Effect of Capsular Antigen of Vibrio vulnificus on Bactericidal Activity of Human Serum

Shinoda

Kobayashi

Yamada

et al. 1987

Microbiology and Immunology

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Opaque (Op) and translucent (Tr) colonial variants were isolated from Vibrio vulnificus strains. Op-type variants were more resistant than the isogenic Tr-type variants, but the survival rate of the Op-type variants varied with the strains. Antisera were prepared by immunizing rabbit with whole cells of Op and Tr variants of some strains, in which the difference of the sensitivity between Op and Tr cells was remarkable.Then agglutination tests with their living and heat-killed cells were carried out. The results suggested the presence of capsular antigen in Op cells and its absence in Tr cells, with the exception of the existence of a slight amount of capsular material in Tr variants of strain L-180.The thin capsular layer of Tr cells of strain L-180 was also demonstrated electron microscopically, but the layer was thinner than that of the isogenic Op cells. Results of determination of sugar content in the extracted capsular fraction also showed that Op to Tr transformation was due to loss of capsular antigen of the cells. These results confirmed the morphological studies previously reported which suggested the prevention of host defense system by the capsular material of the vibrio.Vibrio vulnificus, a slightly halophilic marine bacterium, has been recently recognized as a pathogen causing wound infection or septicemia (5,6,14). It has been noted that almost all the patients with septicemia have underlying diseases, such as hepatitis, alcoholism, or diabetes (3). The decrease of phagocytosis accompanying dyshepatia might therefore promote survival of the vibrio in the blood stream. Association of virulence of the organism with resistance to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been reported (8). Vibrio vulnificus isolates from blood are more resistant to serum bactericidal activity and phagocytosis than isolates from other sources (4, 7) ; V. vulnificus is a weak activator of complement and resists phagocytosis to a greater degree than other vibrios, such as V. cholerae or V. parahaemolyticus (20,21). Amako et al (1) and Yoshida et al (25) showed the existence of capsule-like material in opaque-colony-forming cells of V. vulnificus by electron microscopy and suggested the relationship between the capsule-like material and the virulence of the bacterium. Kreger et al (9) also reported that acidic poly-393

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Fig 2 Gel Diffusion Test Of K Antigen (Pkf) and O Antigen supporting

confidence: 73%

Inhibitory Effect of Capsular Antigen of Vibrio vulnificus on Bactericidal Activity of Human Serum

Shinoda

Kobayashi

Yamada

et al. 1987

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Amako et al (1984) reported the production of capsule by blood-isolated V. vulnificus 27562 and, therefore, only 17% of the cells were destroyed by serum. The capsule has the property of being resistant to serum and the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells, raising mice lethality (Yoshida et al 1985). Simpson et al (1987) found that, of 38 isolates of V. vulnificus, all virulent strains exhibited both opaque and translucent colonies when they were plated onto a variety of solid media.…”

Section: Table 4 Number (%) Of Virulent and Avirulent Vibrio Vulnificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors and pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from seafood

Moreno

Landgraf

1998

J Appl Microbiol

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M . L . G A RC IA M OR EN O AN D M . LA ND G RA F. 1998. The virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificusare not yet well understood. So far, many hydrolytic enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this micro-organism. The present research was carried out in order to study the presence of some of these enzymes in 133 V. vulnificus strains isolated from 45 seafood samples. The results showed that 100% of these strains were positive for the production of lecithinase and lipase (Tween-80), 99·2% for caseinolytic protease, 96·9% for DNase, 65·4% for mucinase and 46·6% for elastase. None of the strains was positive for the production of collagenase and 96% were haemolytic against sheep blood cells. In relation to colony morphology on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar and nutrient agar, 59·4% of strains showed opaque morphology on BHI agar and 57·9% on nutrient agar, 10·5% presented translucent morphology on both agars and 30·1 and 31·6% of strains showed a mixture of opaque and translucent morphology on BHI agar and nutrient agar, respectively. None of the translucent colonies was virulent to mice. Therefore, opacity was a useful marker for potential virulence. Of 45 food samples contaminated with V. vulnificus, 29 (64·4%) presented strains lethal to adult mice.

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“…After mice were injected i.v. with the bacteria (4.0 X 106 CFU), 0.05 ml of blood was obtained, at 1 min, 1, 3 and 5 h intervals, from the retroorbital plexus by capillary tubes as previously described [14]. After appropriate serial dilutions in PBS, viable cells in the blood were counted on CYE agar plates.…”

Section: Bacterial Clearance From the Bloodstream In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the role of macrophages and endogenous interferon-γ in natural resistance of mice against Legionella pneumophila infection

Fujio¹

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Relation of capsular materials and colony opacity to virulence of Vibrio vulnificus

Cited by 186 publications

References 19 publications

Inhibitory Effect of Capsular Antigen of Vibrio vulnificus on Bactericidal Activity of Human Serum

Inhibitory Effect of Capsular Antigen of Vibrio vulnificus on Bactericidal Activity of Human Serum

Virulence factors and pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from seafood

Investigation of the role of macrophages and endogenous interferon-γ in natural resistance of mice against Legionella pneumophila infection

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