Relation of early hemodynamic changes to final cardiac phenotype and survival after neural crest ablation in chick embryos.

Tomita, Hayato; Connuck, David; Leatherbury, Linda; Kirby, Margaret L.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.84.3.1289

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…It is possible that these indices of contractility may be operating under different loaded conditions between the control and the experimental groups. This model of neural crest ablation has been shown to result in 100% of embryos with anomalies of the derivatives of the aortic arch arteries (7). Fifty percent of these embryos have interrupted aortic arch, and the other anomalies are less severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This region corresponds to the cardiac neural crest destined for pharyngeal arches 3 and 4. A recent study by Tomita et al (7) has shown that this particular neural crest lesion results in an 83% incidence of persistent truncus arteriosus and a 17% incidence of double outlet right ventricle, associated with a 100% incidence of aortic arch artery anomalies. After microsurgery, the eggs were sealed with cellophane tape and reincubated in the same high humidity incubator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Embryos with axial torsion that altered or obscured the visual characteristics of the cardiovascular system were not filmed. Experimental embryos that were selected for filming compared with the group that was not selected were shown in our laboratory to have the same survival rate, incidence of persistent truncus arteriosus, and abnormal aortic arch arteries (7). Filming was done with a high speed camera (Redlake Locam 11; Redlake Corp., Morgan Hill, CA) mounted on a stereomicroscope (Olympus Corporation of America, New Hyde Park, NY) with lighting provided by two fiberoptic light sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemodynamic Changes and Compensatory Mechanisms during Early Cardiogenesis after Neural Crest Ablation in Chick Embryos

et al. 1991

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ABSTRACT. Microcinephotography was used to study early heart development in chick embryos with ablations of the neural crest known to result in persistent truncus arteriosus with associated aortic arch anomalies. The premigratory neural crest destined for the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches and the aorticopulmonary septum were ablated. When the embryos reached the looped cardiac tube stage (stage 18), 15 experimental and 15 control embryos were filmed at 100 frames/s under controlled environmental conditions. End-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were determined for the conotruncus and presumptive right ventricle that together compose the bulbus cordis. The results showed that the shortening fractions and ejection fractions were significantly depressed in the experimental embryos. The experimental embryos exhibited dilation and decreased emptying of the ventricle. There was no difference in heart rate or stroke volume between the control and experimental embryos. Thus, the calculated cardiac output was the same in the control and experimental groups. It appeared that the experimental embryos compensated for decreased contractility by ventricular dilation. These functional compensations in very early cardiac development may play an etiologic role in the subsequent development of structural heart defects. (Pediatr Res 30: 509-512,1991)The neural crest model of abnormal heart development in chick embryos (1) potentiates the study of the interrelationship of the functional and morphologic components of cardiogenesis. Ablation of premigratory neural crest destined for the septa of the cardiac outflow tract via the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches leads to a 95% cardiovascular anomaly rate at d 1 1 of incubation. The cardiovascular structures affected include the outflow tract, inflow tract, and aortic arch arteries (2). Nishibatake et al. (2) showed that the majority of embryos had persistent truncus arteriosus with a variety of aortic arch artery anomalies that included interruption of the definitive aorta. This association of persistent truncus arteriosus with interruption of the aorta is also found in humans and has been proposed to be due to abnormal development of the neural crest (3).Microcinephotography of the cardiovascular system on d 3 of development showed abnormal function and morphologic characteristics of the hearts and aortic arch arteries in embryos with cardiac neural crest ablations (4). By visual analysis, there ap- Supported by PHs Grant HL36059.Z peared to be depressed contractility and dilation of the ventricle, interruption of the 4th aortic arch artery, aortic sac incompetency, and incomplete looping of the cardiac tube. These abnormal characteristics are evidence of functional and morphologic changes that occur before the time in development when endpoint structural heart defects would be present. The current study was designed to assess, quantitatively, the contractility of the ventricle, dilation of the components of the developing heart, and cardiac output. MATERIALS AND METHODSNeural crest...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemodynamic Changes and Compensatory Mechanisms during Early Cardiogenesis after Neural Crest Ablation in Chick Embryos

et al. 1991

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“…Altered blood flow likely affects the aortic arches development. Studies have shown that subsequent to ablation of cranial neural crest, heart morphology and pharyngeal arch vessels (aortic arches) are altered before outflow tract septation normally occurred (Tomita et al, 1991). Alterations in the arch vessel apparatus were present by day three in chick embryos with neural crest ablation at stage 9-10 (Bockman et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of Aortic Arch Morphogenesis on Intracardiac Blood Flow in the Left Atrial Ligated Chick Embryo

Christensen

Agrawal

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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Partial left atrial ligation before cardiac septation redistributes intracardiac blood flow and produces left ventricular hypoplasia in the chick. We hypothesized that redistributed intracardiac blood flow adversely alters aortic arch development. We ligated the left atrial appendage with a 10-0 nylon suture at stage 21 chick embryos, then reincubated up to stage 34. Sham embryos had a suture tied adjacent to the atrial wall, and normal controls were unoperated. We measured simultaneous atrioventricular (AV) and dorsal aortic (DAo) blood velocities from stage 24 embryos with an ultrasound pulsed-Doppler flow meter; and the left and right third and fourth aortic arch blood flow with a laser-Doppler flow meter. Ventricular and atrial cross-sectional areas were measured from sequential video fields for planimetry. Intracardiac flow patterns were imaged on video by injecting India ink into the vitelline vein. In separate embryos, radiopaque microfil was injected into the cardiovascular system for l-CT scanning. We analyzed the morphologic characteristics of the heart at stage 34. Active AV and DAo stroke volume (mm 3 ), right third and fourth aortic arch blood flow (mm 3 /s) were all decreased in ligated embryos (P < 0.05) when compared with normal and sham embryos. Ventricular end-diastolic volume versus normal and sham embryos decreased by 45% and 46%, respectively (P < 0.05). India ink injection revealed altered right aortic arch flow patterns in the ligated embryos compared with normal embryos. l-CT imaging confirmed altered arch morphogenesis. Alterations in intracardiac blood flow disrupt both early cardiac morphogenesis and aortic arch selection. Anat Rec, 292:652-660, 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…A study by Tomita el al. (6) demonstrated that ablation of premigratory neural crest destined for the third and fourth pharyngeal arches produced an 83% incidence of persistent truncus arteriosus, and 100% incidence of anomalies of the derivatives of the aortic arch arteries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neural Crest Ablation Versus Sham Surgical Effects in a Chick Embryo Model of Defective Cardiovascular Development

1993

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ABSTRACT. In chick embryos, ablation of premigratory neural crest destined for the third, fourth, and sixth pharyngeal arches results in persistent truncus arteriosus and interrupted aortic arch. Studies of cardiogenesis in these embryos have shown decreased ejection fraction and ventricular dilation with normal cardiac output. The experimental embryos that survive to d 11 of incubation have a higher cardiac output than nonsurvivors at the same earlier stage of development. We hypothesize that this survival is due to a surgically induced decrease in vascular resistance of the embryonic and vitelline vessels. Embryos from 15 opened eggs, eight sham-operated embryos, and 13 neural crest-ablated embryos were examined at stage 18. The sham-operated embryos were treated identically with the experimental embryos except that neural crest was not ablated. Ejection fraction and cardiac output were determined by cinephotography. Mean dorsal aortic and diastolic ventricular (approximates mean atrial) pressures were determined by a servo-null pressure technique and used to calculate vascular resistance. The experimental embryos had a significantly decreased ejection fraction in comparison with either sham-operated embryos or embryos from eggs that remained unopened until just before cinephotography. The experimental and sham-operated embryos had a higher cardiac output than embryos from unopened eggs. The calculated vascular resistance was also significantly lower in both the experimental and shamoperated embryos than in the embryos from unopened eggs. Neural crest ablation appears to cause a decreased ejection fraction. Sham surgery is associated with a higher cardiac output and lower vascular resistance. These hemodynamic changes may be related to opening and resealing the eggshell, which would interfere with oxygen delivery and water vapor exchange. (Pediatr Res 33: 628-631,1993)The neural crest has been shown to be very important in normal cardiovascular development (1). The region of neural crest contributing to cardiovascular development extends from the midotic placode to the caudal limit of somite three. Cells from this region migrate from the neural fold into pharyngeal arches three, four, and six (2-4). A population of the neural crest-derived cells continue their migration through the pharyngeal region into the outflow tract of the heart, where they participate in outflow septation. Ablation of the premigratory neural crest destined for the third, fourth, and sixth pharyngeal Received August 11, 1992; accepted January 22, 1993. Correspondence and reprint requests: Linda Leatherbury, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology, BAA8302, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 309 12-37 10.Supported by PHs Grant HL-36059.arches and outflow septa produces a high incidence of persistent truncus arteriosus and anomalous development of the derivatives of the aortic arch arteries. Nishibatake el al. ( 5 ) demonstrated that ablation of premigratory neural crest destined for pharyngeal arches four and six resulted in a 73% incidence of pe...

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Relation of early hemodynamic changes to final cardiac phenotype and survival after neural crest ablation in chick embryos.

Abstract: Increased stroke volume and cardiac output may be necessary factors for survival in embryos with cardiac dysmorphogenesis and probably are associated with dilation of the ventricular portion of the cardiac tube, which leads to malalignment of the outflow vessel or vessels.

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Hemodynamic Changes and Compensatory Mechanisms during Early Cardiogenesis after Neural Crest Ablation in Chick Embryos

Hemodynamic Changes and Compensatory Mechanisms during Early Cardiogenesis after Neural Crest Ablation in Chick Embryos

Dependence of Aortic Arch Morphogenesis on Intracardiac Blood Flow in the Left Atrial Ligated Chick Embryo

Neural Crest Ablation Versus Sham Surgical Effects in a Chick Embryo Model of Defective Cardiovascular Development

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