Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic Background: relationship between and in Candida albicans Streptococcus mutans children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from Methods: 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance of and and relative to C. albicans S. mutans total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase ( ) gene in dental plaque. Student's t-test and gtfB Pearson's correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were Results: higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio of to total C. albicans bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite for (p < 0.05). The different value of S. mutans C. and in saliva was positively correlated, and negatively albicans S. mutans correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level of showed a S. mutans gtfB positive correlation with concentration in dental plaque. C. albicans has a positive correlation with cariogenic traits of Conclusion: C. albicans in ECC-related biofilm of young children. S. mutans

Quantification and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Denture-Wearing and Nondenture-Wearing Elderly

“…The method used to extract fungal genomic DNA from each sample was the same as that reported previously using the Trizol reagent (Sigma-Aldrich; Dorset, UK). 5 The concentration and quality of the obtained DNA were determined using Qubit assay reagents (Invitrogen; Carlsbad, California, United States); after dissolving in Tris-EDTA buffer, the DNA was cooled to-20°C for further analysis. Then, the DNA samples were quantified through quantitative PCR (qPCR) with the C. albicans-specific primers 22 shown in ►Table 1.…”

“…RNA isolation, purification, and reverse transcription of cDNA were performed similar to the method used in a previous study. 5 Platinum SYBR Green qPCR SuperMix-UDG (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, California, United States), a passive reference (ROX, Invitrogen), and primers for each gene tested (►Table 1), as well as 1 µg of cDNA, were used to quantify the cDNA. The qPCR cycling conditions consisted of a 10-minute initial denaturation at 95°C followed by 40 PCR cycles of 15 seconds at 95°C and 1 minute at 60°C.…”

“…Subsequent to these changes, C. albicans grows in hypha form due to the lack of a salivary component called statherin, which inhibits hyphal growth by inducing the transition of hyphae to lateral yeast cells. 4 In this context, following our previous study on detecting C. albicans in children with early childhood caries experience, 5 we aimed to further investigate the characteristics of C. albicans pathogenicity in elderly subjects. Therefore, we determined the extent to which C. albicans pathogenicity is affected by denture insertion in elderly people.…”

Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry

“…354 Even fungi, such as Candida albicans, may considerably enhance the cariogenic virulence of dental biofilms. 355,356 Returning to the original question, authors 350 indicated that answers might range from, "Yes, S. mutans remains the most important oral cariogenic species," to "No, in the absence of S. mutans, different acidogenic species can play the same role." While S. mutans may still be considered a key factor in dental caries, other S. mutanselike organism are capable of synthesizing intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose.…”

Effect of cell‐free spent media prepared from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in co‐species biofilms

“…It is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus involved in oral infection (1). In this context, several studies have demonstrated the dynamic and synergistic interactions between C. albicans and Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) and have expanded our knowledge of oral biofilms under conditions relevant to dental caries (2–4). The fungal‐bacterial interactions might also influence the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as C. albicans can be isolated from the subgingival plaque of adult periodontitis cases (5, 6).…”