Relationship between copper species in solution and leaching from alkaline copper quat (ACQ) treated wood

Pankras, Sedric; Cooper, Paul A.; Wylie, Stephen R.

doi:10.1515/hf.2011.179

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, previous studies have noted that the cation exchange capacity of the copper ions decreased with increasing acidity (Yu et al 2009, Lee and Copper 2010, Pankras et al 2012, as manifested by lower pH values for the thermally-modified wood. This was another reason for the high percentage of copper leached from the ACQ-Dtreated, thermally-modified wood.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Evaluation of Copper Leaching in Thermally Modified Southern Yellow Pine Wood Impregnated with ACQ-D

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Cao³

2013

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Thermally-modified wood is not sufficiently durable for exposure to environments in which severe biological deterioration is likely. So in this study, samples of southern yellow pine sapwood were first subjected to thermal modification and then impregnated with the alkaline copper quattype D (ACQ-D) wood preservative. Three heating temperatures (180, 200, and 220 °C) and two concentrations of ACQ-D solution (0.90% and 1.35%) were used in the experiments. The copper retention, percentage of copper leaching, and concentrations of copper ions in the leachates collected during the leaching tests were evaluated using inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was also used to interpret the differences in leaching performance between thermally-treated and unheated wood samples. The pseudo-second-order model of copper leaching was developed with the experimental leaching data, which could determine the amounts of copper ion leaching and predict the final percentage of copper leaching during the leaching process. As a result, compared to the control group, the copper retention of the thermallymodified wood samples was lower, while the percentage of copper leaching was higher. This observation could be explained by the lower number of copper ion fixation sites in the thermally-treated wood.

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Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Evaluation of Copper Leaching in Thermally Modified Southern Yellow Pine Wood Impregnated with ACQ-D

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Cao³

2013

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“…Chromium (Cr) is a fixation agent for Cu and arsenic, which limits Cu migration [6]. Use of CCA has been banned in the last 10 years in Europe due to concerns about Cr and potential environmental contamination [7,8]. CCA is problematic from the viewpoint of environmental protection, high toxicity to mammals, and the service life of treated wood [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mold resistance of bamboo treated with copper complexes-grafted silica gel and its microdistribution in treated bamboo

et al. 2019

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Bamboo is readily discolored by mold fungi, which greatly limits its applications. An effective antifungal agent, copper(II) chloride (CuCl 2 )-grafted silica gel, was prepared by a sol-gel process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) mixtures. The elemental composition and the chemical combinations of homogeneous sol mixture (HSM) and bamboo were determined via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The mold resistance of bamboo treated with HSM, alkaline copper quat (ACQ), chromated copper arsenate (CCA), and purified water was characterized by an indoor mold test. The micro-morphology of bamboo treated with HSM was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HSM penetrated into the bamboo vessels, and formed xerogels, which was able to coordinate copper(II) cations. SEM-EDS investigations suggest that Si-O-Cu linkages may be formed through an exchange reaction between silanol groups and copper complexes. The bamboo samples treated with HSM showed highly efficient mold resistance due to a good penetration of HSM. Furthermore, no fungal hyphae were found in the structure of HSM-treated bamboo after a 5-week mold test. The copper complexes grafted to silica gel developed in this work provide an efficient antifungal agent for a wide range of potential applications in bamboo protection. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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“…However, during implementation of the Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC 1998), the use of wood preservatives containing chromium was considerably limited and even banned in some EU countries. In order to meet legislative requirements, chromium compounds in wood preservatives were replaced with amines, predominately ethanolamine (Pankras et al 2012;Tascioglu et al 2013) or they are prepared in the form of so-called micronized copper (Matsunaga et al 2009;Wu et al 2012), which limits copper leaching from wood. Unfortunately, fixation of copperethanolamine-based wood preservatives is not as effective as the fixation of copper-chromium ones (Humar et al 2001;Cooper and Ung 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Copper-Ethanolamine-impregnated Scots Pine Wood during Exposure to Terrestrial Microorganisms

Thaler¹,

Lesar²,

Humar³

2013

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Copper-ethanolamine-based wood preservatives are still the most important solutions for protecting wood in ground applications in Europe. Wood in the ground is exposed to a variety of organisms that can act synergistically. In order to simulate these conditions in the laboratory, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) specimens impregnated with copperethanolamine preservative of three different concentrations (c Cu = 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) were exposed to three different soils according to procedure ENV 807, for periods between 12 and 32 weeks. After the relevant period of exposure, samples were isolated, and their mass loss, bending strength, and modulus of elasticity were determined. In the final step, the remaining copper in the samples was determined. The results showed that, in spite of significant copper leaching, the tested copper-ethanolamine-treated wood exhibited good performance in ground applications. Furthermore, a good correlation was found between the mechanical properties and mass loss, regardless of the chemical treatment applied.

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Relationship between copper species in solution and leaching from alkaline copper quat (ACQ) treated wood

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of Copper Leaching in Thermally Modified Southern Yellow Pine Wood Impregnated with ACQ-D

Evaluation of Copper Leaching in Thermally Modified Southern Yellow Pine Wood Impregnated with ACQ-D

Mold resistance of bamboo treated with copper complexes-grafted silica gel and its microdistribution in treated bamboo

Performance of Copper-Ethanolamine-impregnated Scots Pine Wood during Exposure to Terrestrial Microorganisms

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