Relationship between diarrhoea risk and the combinations of drinking water sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Kobayashi, Yuka; Ito, Yuri; Shrestha, Sadhana; Yokomichi, Hiroshi; Nishida, Kei

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihab032

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Lastly, using untreated water was a risk factor (p > 0.001) in the study. This has been proven in previous studies (23)(24)(25)(26)(27), contaminated water collected in the shallow wells (n = 136; 35.2%), community borehole (n =227; 58.8%) and personal borehole (n = 13; 3.4%) were neither chlorinated nor boiled before use. There is a need for environmental health services to ensure preventive measures such as the provision of safe water and health education on how to clean water before use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Social and Environmental Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Children Under Five Years in Epworth Township, Harare

Chari¹,

Mbonane²,

Wyk³

2023

Preprint

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Children five years or younger in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are severely affected by diarrhoea disease, especially in the sub-Saharan region. Hence, the study aimed at determining the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea disease among children under 5 years in Epworth Township, Zimbabwe. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a local clinic in Epworth Township, Harare. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit study participants for participation and 386 children were enrolled in the study. The majority were male children (n=229; 59.3%), while there were more female caregivers (n=370; 95.9%) than male caregivers (n=16; 4.1%). The prevalence of diarrhea disease in the study was 25.1%. The determinants associated with diarrhea were being partially vaccinated (OR 2.38, CI 95% 2.80–8.22), collecting water more than 1 kilometre from a household (OR 4.55; CI 95% 2.10–9.85) and using untreated water (OR 6.22; CI 95% 2.13–18.20). The age of the caregiver and using a clean water container (OR 0.05; p=0.020) were protective factors. Provision of primary health care, especially prevention of disease through immunization and rendering environmental health services could reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in disadvantaged townships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Social and Environmental Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Children Under Five Years in Epworth Township, Harare

Chari¹,

Mbonane²,

Wyk³

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lastly, using untreated water was a risk factor (p > 0.001) in the study. This has been proven in previous studies [25][26][27][28][29], as contaminated water collected in shallow wells (n = 136; 35.2%), community boreholes (n = 227; 58.8%), and personal boreholes (n = 13; 3.4%) was neither chlorinated nor boiled before use. There is a need for environmental health services to ensure preventive measures such as the provision of safe water and health education on how to clean water before use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Social and Environmental Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Children under Five Years in Epworth Township, Harare

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Children five years or younger in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are severely affected by diarrheal disease, especially in the sub-Saharan region. Hence, this study aimed at determining the prevalence and determinants of diarrhoea disease among children under 5 years in Epworth Township, Zimbabwe. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a local clinic in Epworth Township, Harare. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit study participants for participation, and 386 children were enrolled in the study. The majority were male children (n = 229; 59.3%), whereas there were more female caregivers (n = 370; 95.9%) than male caregivers (n = 16; 4.1%). The prevalence of diarrhoea disease in the study was 25.1%. The determinants associated with diarrhoea were being partially vaccinated (AOR 2.38, CI: 95% 2.80–8.22), collecting water more than 1 kilometre from a household (AOR 4.55; CI: 95% 2.10–9.85), and using untreated water (AOR 6.22; CI: 95% 2.13–18.20). The age of the caregiver (being older than 21) and using a clean water container (AOR 0.05; CI: 95% 0.02–0.13) were protective factors. Provision of primary health care, especially the prevention of a disease through immunization and rendering environmental health services, could reduce the prevalence of diarrhoea in disadvantaged townships.

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“…Hence, in this study, we strongly advise global (all nations) and LIC to focus on water quality and waterborne disease. Many studies have demonstrated that inadequate clean water and sanitation facilities increase health problems, especially those related to skin and eyes, gastrointestinal illnesses, and malaria, responsible for deaths annually [86]. Furthermore, water supply and home sanitation are correlated with physical and mental health [87].…”

Section: Priority Keys In Water-related Sdgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sponsible for deaths annually [86]. Furthermore, water supply and home sanitation are correlated with physical and mental health [87].…”

Section: Priority Keys In Water-related Sdgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlinkages of Water-Related SDG Indicators Globally and in Low-Income Countries

Rimba

Hirabayashi

2023

Water

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The international community has committed to protecting the Earth and its ecosystems, thus ensuring wellbeing, economic growth, and a sustainable environment, by applying 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), including many related to water. These goals and their indicators can have synergistic, trade-off, or neutral interlinkages. This study measured the interlinkages between 31 SDG indicators directly or indirectly related to water belonging to seven categories: extreme water events, water availability, water quality and waterborne diseases, energy-related water, industry and technology-related water, water governance and management, and ecosystem-related water. All the indicators were paired, resulting in 450 pairs. The interlinkage between water-related indicators globally and in low-income countries (LIC) were determined by Spearman’s rank correlation (ρ), and standardized multilinear regression was applied to identify the dominant drivers of synergistic and trade-off interactions. The finding shows that water quality, waterborne disease, and energy-related water are the most feasible to achieve in SDGs in global and LIC. The local government may take advantage from this study. Moreover, the government should pay attention in developing and providing alternative energy especially in LIC due to some trade-offs appeared with health and social conflict may arise. The interaction between indicators become the main driver of synergy/trade-off over population and GDP in interlinkage water related SDGs.

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Relationship between diarrhoea risk and the combinations of drinking water sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Social and Environmental Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Children Under Five Years in Epworth Township, Harare

Social and Environmental Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Children Under Five Years in Epworth Township, Harare

Social and Environmental Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Children under Five Years in Epworth Township, Harare

Interlinkages of Water-Related SDG Indicators Globally and in Low-Income Countries

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