Relationship Between Maternal DHA and Iron Status: And Infants’ Cognitive Performance

Fetal Iron Deficiency and Genotype Influence Emotionality in Infant Rhesus Monkeys

“…Although offspring of anemic mothers are not themselves anemic at birth, changes in population dynamics of RBCs are seen in both children and rhesus monkeys after fetal ID (40). In addition, the impact of the fetal iron deprivation on brain development can be detected in infancy and later in childhood development, as demonstrated in human studies (3)(4)(5)(6)(41)(42)(43), in previous work using the rhesus monkey model (11,16,17,44), and in the present report.…”

“…Research in human populations has demonstrated that developmental iron deficiency (ID) 6 , even when corrected by supplements, is associated with long-term effects on multiple behavioral domains, including cognitive, socioemotional, and gross and fine motor functions (1,2). The majority of this research has been directed at ID in infants and toddlers, but more recently, fetal ID, assessed through maternal hematology, is being identified as a source of deviation in neurobehavioral function of infants and children (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Animal models have been important in identifying prenatal ID effects on postnatal behavior and exploring possible mechanisms (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters

“…ID can contribute to impaired cognitive development in early childhood [76], and the opportunity to intervene during pregnancy and avoid this complication is appealing from a public health perspective. However, it is not entirely clear that maternal iron supplementation during pregnancy can reverse effects of maternal ID during pregnancy on neurodevelopment [77,78]. Two recent systematic reviews found no evidence that iron supplementation during pregnancy improved neurodevelopment in offspring [76,79].…”

Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: evaluation and management.

“…When serum ferritin is greater than 70 µg / L, it is assumed that iron stores are sufficient to support pregnancy and supplementation is not used (1,26). Although there is limited data on the positive effects of iron supplementation on prognosis in mothers and infants, prophylactic iron supplementation has been found to reduce the rate of maternal anemia at delivery by 70% and iron deficiency at delivery by 57% (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). However, no evidence was found that iron supplementation during pregnancy improves neurological development in the offspring (28,29).…”