Relationship between Molecular Structure and Physical Properties

Gehman, S. D.

doi:10.1021/ie50508a023

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…With these considerations, the first attempt was given to polypropylene glycol (PPG) because 1) PPG is a liquid at room temperature, and its solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molecular weight; 2) PPG has two hydroxyl end groups, which have a high affinity for water to form internal water droplets inside the PPG droplets, e.g., forming the w/o emulsion. The simultaneous o/w and w/o emulsification (e.g., w/o/w emulsion) can generate the PPG polymersomes with internal aqueous pockets; 3) the diversity of commercially available PPG (e.g., PPG with different molecular weights of 1000, 2000, 4000 Da) allows us to regulate the polymersomes' size, shell permeability, and physical stability, since the molecular weight determines various physical and chemical properties of polymers; [40,41] and 4) PPG has low volatility at room temperature and low toxicity, [31,42] enabling the excellent biocompatibility for biomedical engineering applications.…”

Section: Design Consideration Of Hpg-ppg-hpg Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion‐Induced Polymersomes Taming Tetrodotoxin for Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia

Song

et al. 2022

Advanced Therapeutics

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Injectable local anesthetics that can provide a continuous nerve block approximating the duration of a pain state would be a life‐changing solution for patients experiencing post‐operative pain or chronic pain. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a site 1 sodium channel blocker that is extremely potent compared to clinically used local anesthetics. Challengingly, TTX doses are limited by its associated systemic toxicity, thus shortening the achievable duration of nerve blocks. Here, emulsion‐induced polymersomes (EIP) are explored as a drug delivery system to safely use TTX for local anesthesia. By emulsifying hyperbranched polyglycerol‐poly (propylene glycol)‐hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG‐PPG‐HPG) in TTX aqueous solution, HPG‐PPG‐HPG self‐assembles into micrometer‐sized polymersomes within seconds. The formed polymersomes have microscopically visible internal aqueous pockets that encapsulate TTX with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 94%. Moreover, the polymersomes are structurally stable, enabling sustained TTX release. In vivo, the freshly prepared EIP/TTX formulation can be directly injected and increase the tolerated dose of TTX in Sprague–Dawley rats to 11.5 µg without causing any TTX‐related systemic toxicity. In the presence of the chemical penetration enhancer sodium octyl sulfate (SOS), a single perineural injection of EIP/TTX/SOS formulation produces a reliable sciatic nerve block for 22 days with minimal local toxicity.

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Section: Design Consideration Of Hpg-ppg-hpg Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion‐Induced Polymersomes Taming Tetrodotoxin for Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia

Song

et al. 2022

Advanced Therapeutics

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“…Relationship between molecular structure and physical properties has been discussed, showing that the chemical nature of the monomer units determines the intermolecular forces and influences especially the temperature range in which rubber elasticity is exhibited, the swelling in organic liquids, and the permeability of gases (58). Molecular weight distribution is most significant for permeability.…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%