Relationship Between Salivary Melatonin and Severity of Periodontal Disease

Cutando, Antonio; Galindo, Pablo; Gómez‐Moreno, Gerardo; Arana, Carlos; Bolaños, Jorge; Acuña-Castroviejo, Darı́o; Wang, Hom‐Lay

doi:10.1902/jop.2006.050287

Cited by 79 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Based on these facts, it is conceivable that melatonin plays a certain role in protecting and/or repairing the mucous membrane of the oral cavity from a variety of damages (Cutando et al 2007;Cutando et al 2006). In fact, immunohistochemical analysis of Mel1aR expression in oral mucosa revealed that epithelial cells of the oral mucosa expressed Mel1aR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and cellular localizaion of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in rat and human salivary glands

Shimozuma

Tokuyama

Tatehara

et al. 2011

Histochem Cell Biol

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Melatonin, discovered in 1958, is secreted by the pineal gland primarily during the night. Its secretion is controlled by the light/dark cycle of the environment. Melatonin is also produced in and secreted by various extrapineal organs, tissues and cells and its synthesizing enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is expressed in various extrapineal organs, tissues and cells. Recently, it was reported that melatonin is present in saliva, but it is not certain where melatonin was synthesized and whether it was secreted into saliva and what function it may have in saliva. The present study was performed to investigate where melatonin was synthesized and whether it was secreted by salivary glands into saliva. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of AANAT in rat parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands and the expression of both AANAT and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) in human submandibular glands. We evaluated the expression of AANAT and HIOMT mRNA in rat submandibular glands by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. As a result, we observed expression of AANAT in epithelial cells of striated ducts in rat salivary glands and expression of AANAT, HIOMT and melatonin in epithelial cells of striated ducts in human submandibular glands. In addition, we also confirmed the expression of the most potent melatonin receptor, melatonin 1a receptor, in rat buccal mucosa. Our findings suggest that melatonin might be produced and secreted by salivary glands directly into saliva and that it might play some physiological role in the oral cavity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and cellular localizaion of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in rat and human salivary glands

Shimozuma

Tokuyama

Tatehara

et al. 2011

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…Several studies have provided evidence of the positive contributions of melatonin and its physiological and pathological implications in the oral cavity (24)(25)(26)(27). Gülle et al (27) reported that melatonin ameliorated periodontal inflammation-induced organ injuries in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant effects of melatonin in heart tissue after induction of experimental periodontitis in rats

Özdem

Kırzıoğlu

Yilmaz

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Science

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on the oxidative stress in heart tissues after induction of experimental periodontitis in rats. Thirty Wistar Albino male rats were divided into four groups as follows: healthy + saline solution (Hs, n = 7), healthy + melatonin (Hm, n = 7), periodontitis + saline solution (Ps, n = 8), and periodontitis + melatonin (Pm, n = 8). Experimental periodontitis was induced using a ligature placed at the gingival margin of the maxillary second molars. Melatonin was applied intraperitoneally (10 mg/ kg) every day for 2 weeks. After sacrificing the rats, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, and melatonin levels were evaluated. The Pm group exhibited lower alveolar bone loss than the Ps group. Melatonin levels increased in the periodontitis groups, and the Pm group had lower MDA levels and higher GSH-Px levels than the Ps group. These findings suggest that melatonin administration reduces MDA and increases GSH-Px levels in heart tissue, and these effects may be due to its antioxidant properties.Further studies are needed to understand the effects of melatonin on the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.

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“…After release of melatonin into the blood stream, it diffuses into the saliva. [4] The proportion of plasma melatonin passing into the mouth via salivary glands appears to be relatively stable. It is widely agreed that only the free melatonin in plasma is thought to be present in saliva, and that salivary melatonin levels reflect the proportion of free-circulating melatonin.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the measurement of salivary melatonin levels represents an indirect, noninvasive method for the assessment of plasma melatonin levels. [4,5] Research done in the last decade proved the high efficacy of melatonin as a protector against ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). [6] Although all of the mechanisms of melatonin's effects as an executioner of free radicals and related products have not yet been identified, there is no doubt concerning its ability to restrain the molecular damage resulting from toxic oxygen and nitrogenbased reactants.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of melatonin levels in saliva in periodontal health and disease: A clinico-biochemical study

Mhaske

Marawar

Sheker

et al. 2010

J Int Clin Dent Res Organ

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Background: Melatonin, a secretory product of the vertebrate pineal gland, activates several elements of the immune system that reduce tissue destruction during the infl ammatory response, either directly by scavenging free radical, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species or indirectly by modulating the action of agents such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, which contribute to the advance of cell damage. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate melatonin levels in saliva in periodontal health and disease. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 20 patients with healthy periodontium and 20 patients each with mild, moderate and severe periodontitis who were patients in the Department of Periodontics, Rural Dental College and Hospital, Loni. The salivary levels of melatonin were assayed using ELISA, a competitive immunoassay using a capture antibody technique. Results: We observed that the periodontitis sufferers had a signifi cantly lower melatonin level than the healthy subjects. Conclusion: Consequently, the reduction in the saliva production with higher age and the decreased melatonin production in older adults refl ected in low salivary melatonin levels predispose these individuals to an increased risk of developing oral and periodontal disease.

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Relationship Between Salivary Melatonin and Severity of Periodontal Disease

Cited by 79 publications

References 31 publications

Expression and cellular localizaion of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in rat and human salivary glands

Expression and cellular localizaion of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in rat and human salivary glands

Antioxidant effects of melatonin in heart tissue after induction of experimental periodontitis in rats

Evaluation of melatonin levels in saliva in periodontal health and disease: A clinico-biochemical study

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