Relationship between the arches of feet and the Cole’s index

Abstract

Introduction: The foot plays an important role as a static-dynamic foundation of the skeleton. The process of the most intensive formation of the foot during the posturogenesis falls on the preschool age and early school age. The aim of the study was to characterize the arch of the feet in children at the age of 5 and to look for the dependence of their arching condition on the Cole's index level. Material and methods: Forty-four preschool children took part in the research. The Cole's index showed an underweight, normal body weight, overweight and obesity. The plantography method was used to assess the arching of the feet. Results: Over half of the examined children had normal body weight. Underweight was more common in the boys group, while overweight and obesity in girls. Ninety percent of children had abnormal longitudinal and transverse arches in both feet. The varus of the big toe and the valgus of the small toe was observed in both groups. The position of the heel was set correctly in majority of the participants. Conclusions: No relationship was found between the Cole's index and longitudinal arches of the right and left foot in boys, as well as in girls. The results revealed that excessive body weight in girls was correlated with flattening of the transverse arch and incorrect position of the heel in the right foot. No significant correlation was found between the Cole's index and the assessed parameters of the foot in boys.

Rare Earth Elements Accumulation in the Hair of Malagasy Children and Adolescents in Relation to Their Age and Nutritional Status

“…Qualified dietitians collected anthropometrical data, body weight (kg) and height (cm) with a precision of 0.1 kg or 0.1 cm, respectively, using professional equipment. According to the guidelines, all measurements were taken in light clothing and without shoes [ 14 ]. Obtained results were used to calculate body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) was then calculated, and Cole’s Index was nested [ 15 ].…”

Concentration of selected elements in the hair of Madagascar girls in relation to nutritional status and place of residence

“…All measurements were taken in light clothing and without shoes according to the guidelines (20) . Body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) was then calculated.…”

“…Based on the criteria, the results were interpreted as follows: < 90 underweight, 90-109recommended values, 110-119 -first-degree obesity (overweight), 120-139 -second-degree obesity, 140 and above -third-degree obesity (20,22) . The data presents Tab.…”

Concentration of Selected Elements in the Hair of Malagasy Girls in Relation to Their Nutritional Status and Environmental Exposure

“…The measurements of body weight (kg) and height (cm) were taken and recorded with a precision of 0.1 kg or 0.1 cm, respectively, using professional devices and a measuring tape. All measurements were taken in light clothing and without shoes according to the guidelines 25 . Body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) was then calculated.…”

“…Based on the criteria, the results were interpreted as follows: < 90 underweight, 90-109 -recommended values, 110-119 -rst-degree obesity (overweight), 120-139 -second-degree obesity, 140 and above -third-degree obesity 9,25,27 . The data were presented in Table 1.…”