Relationship Between the Development and Growth of Cranial Bones and Masticatory Muscles in Postnatal Mice

Nakata, Satoshi

doi:10.1177/00220345810600080801

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…). Indeed, here we found that the masseter as the dominant masticatory muscle in mice (Nakata, ) was significantly lighter in the mice fed on softened pellets than those fed on hard pellets. As muscle force depends on muscle mass, the soft food mice may have produced less masticatory loads, thus providing less mechanical stimuli to the bone (Ross et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Congenital muscle dystrophy and diet consistency affect mouse skull shape differently

et al. 2017

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The bones of the mammalian skull respond plastically to changes in masticatory function. However, the extent to which muscle function affects the growth and development of the skull, whose regions have different maturity patterns, remains unclear. Using muscle dissection and 3D landmark-based geometric morphometrics we investigated the effect of changes in muscle function established either before or after weaning, on skull shape and muscle mass in adult mice. We compared temporalis and masseter mass and skull shape in mice with a congenital muscle dystrophy (mdx) and wild type (wt) mice fed on either a hard or a soft diet. We found that dystrophy and diet have distinct effects on the morphology of the skull and the masticatory muscles. Mdx mice show a flattened neurocranium with a more dorsally displaced foramen magnum and an anteriorly placed mandibular condyle compared with wt mice. Compared with hard diet mice, soft diet mice had lower masseter mass and a face with more gracile features as well as labially inclined incisors, suggesting reduced bite strength. Thus, while the early-maturing neurocranium and the posterior portion of the mandible are affected by the congenital dystrophy, the late-maturing face including the anterior part of the mandible responds to dietary differences irrespective of the mdx mutation. Our study confirms a hierarchical, tripartite organisation of the skull (comprising neurocranium, face and mandible) with a modular division based on development and function. Moreover, we provide further experimental evidence that masticatory loading is one of the main environmental stimuli that generate craniofacial variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Congenital muscle dystrophy and diet consistency affect mouse skull shape differently

et al. 2017

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“…As the masseter muscle is closely related to the mandibular growth, clinicians should consider the effect of BTX‐A on the mandibular growth when injecting it into masseter muscle of the growing patients. It has long been thought that bony processes are dependent on normal muscle function for their development and maintenance (Nakata, 1981; Hinton, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth effects of botulinum toxin type A injected into masseter muscle on a developing rat mandible

Cho

et al. 2008

Oral Diseases

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“…Herring (1985) has speculated that the earliest stages of oral motor development are "dominated by the progressive formation of neuromuscular and CNS connections", whereas later changes are represented as secondary to musculoskeletal growth. For example, the reorganization of central motor pathways has been observed to coincide with the early shift from sucking to chewing (Iriki et al 1988), whereas more gradual changes in muscle activation patterns through development have been correlated with ontogenetic changes in skull/mandibular size and geometry (Herring 1985;Lakars and Herring 1980;Nakata 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Chewing in Children From 12 to 48 Months: Longitudinal Study of EMG Patterns

Green

Moore

Ruark

et al. 1997

Journal of Neurophysiology

118

106

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Developmental changes in the coordinative organization of masticatory muscles were examined longitudinally in four children over 49 experimental sessions spanning the age range of 12-48 mo. Electromyographic (EMG) records were obtained for right and left masseter muscles, right and left temporalis muscles, and the anterior belly of the digastric. Two independent analytic processes were employed, one that relied on identification of onset and offset of muscle activation and a second that used pairwise cross-correlational techniques. The results of these two analyses, which were found to be consistent with each other, demonstrated that the basic chewing pattern of reciprocally activated antagonistic muscle groups is established by 12 mo of age. Nevertheless, chewing efficiency appears to be improved through a variety of changes in the chewing pattern throughout early development. Coupling of activity among the jaw elevator muscles was shown to strengthen with maturation, and the synchrony of onset and offset of these muscles also increased. Coactivation of antagonistic muscles decreased significantly with development. This decrease in antagonistic coactivation and increase in synchrony among jaw elevators, and a parallel decrease in EMG burst duration, were taken as evidence of increased chewing efficiency. No significant differences in the frequency of chewing were found across the ages studied. Additional considerations include the appropriateness of this coordinative infrastructure for other developing oromotor skills, such as speech production. It is suggested that the relatively fixed coordinative framework for chewing exhibited by these children would not be suitable for adaptation to speech movements, which have been shown to rely on a much more variable and adjustable coordinative organization.

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Relationship Between the Development and Growth of Cranial Bones and Masticatory Muscles in Postnatal Mice

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Congenital muscle dystrophy and diet consistency affect mouse skull shape differently

Congenital muscle dystrophy and diet consistency affect mouse skull shape differently

Growth effects of botulinum toxin type A injected into masseter muscle on a developing rat mandible

Development of Chewing in Children From 12 to 48 Months: Longitudinal Study of EMG Patterns

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