Relationship between the transmission of Schistosomiasis japonica and the construction of the Three Gorge Reservoir

Zheng, Jie; Gu, Xueguang; Xu, Yonglong; Ge, Jun; Yang, Xiaofeng; He, Chao; Tang, Chao; Cai, Kai-ping; Jiang, Qingwu; YouSheng, Liang; Wang, Tianping; Xu, Xingjian; Zhong, Jun; Yuan, Hao; Zhou, Xiao‐Nong

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00046-3

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the human prevalence rate in the areas where transmission control had not been achieved increased slightly from 4.9% in 1995 to 5.1%, an increase of 3.9%. Several factors have been suggested as underlying causes, such as the unusually severe floods that occurred in 1998 , major demographic and ecological transformations due to waterresource developments and the anti-flooding policy (Xu et al, 2000;Chen, 2002;Jiang et al, 2002;Zheng et al, 2002;Li et al, 2007), the potential impact of climate change (Zhou et al, 2004b;Yang et al, 2005a), health sector reforms Bian et al, 2004), and the termination of the World Bank Loan Project (WBLP) on schistosomiasis control with insufficient attention given to further consolidate achievements made in the 1990s (Yuan et al, 2000;Zhou et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal correlation between human and bovine schistosomiasis in China: insight from three national sampling surveys

Wang

Utzinger

et al. 2007

Geospat Health

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Abstract. Insight into the spatial and temporal contamination of the environment by bovine faeces in China can provide important information on the significance of bovines in the transmission of human schistosomiasis. This insight will be useful for the new evidence-based strategy of the Chinese national schistosomiasis control programme. To enhance our understanding of the spatio-temporal relationship between the prevalence of human and bovine schistosomiasis, we performed correlation and regression analyses using data from three national sampling surveys on schistosomiasis, carried out in 1989, 1995 and 2004. In addition, we established a geographical information system and performed spatial analyses to identify the high-risk areas of the disease. We found that schistosomiasis is mainly concentrated in the marshlands along the Yangtze River. It was also noted that, although the human prevalence and force of transmission in highly endemic areas has been reduced since 1989, the relative importance of bovine schistosomiasis has increased. This is seen in a declining Spearman correlation coefficient between the infection prevalence in humans and in bovines over time (0.812 in 1989, 0.754 in 1995 and 0.376 in 2004). In parallel, the slope of the linear regression decreased from 0.395 in 1989 to 0.215 in 2004. Our data therefore suggest that future schistosomiasis control efforts in China should more vigorously address the important role of bovines in the transmission of human schistosomiasis, and to reduce the environmental contamination of Schistosoma japonicum eggs by bovines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal correlation between human and bovine schistosomiasis in China: insight from three national sampling surveys

Wang

Utzinger

et al. 2007

Geospat Health

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“…The impact of these and other water resource projects on increased local schistosomiasis caused great concern in advance of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River and its effect on China's progress toward reducing the prevalence of S. japonicum infections. 17,18 Fortunately, to date, there has been no apparent effect of that dam on increasing schistosomiasis transmission. 19 This has been attributed to the vigorous chemotherapy efforts in the surrounding area, confirming the recommendation to couple schistosome control efforts with water resource projects in areas endemic for schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Reduced Exposure To Infectious Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-based interventions for schistosomiasis control

Secor

2014

Pathogens and Global Health

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Mass drug administration with praziquantel is the mainstay of programs for the control of schistosomiasis morbidity. However, there is a growing recognition that treatment alone will not be sufficient for eventually effecting elimination and that additional measures will be required to interrupt transmission. In the absence of a safe and an effective vaccine for human schistosomiasis, the strategies to reduce infection levels will necessarily involve some interventions that affect the water-related stages of the schistosome life cycle: by reducing exposure to infectious water, by moderating availability of the intermediate snail host, or by decreasing contamination of water with egg-containing excreta. While much research on the importance of water on schistosomiasis has been performed, advances in these areas have perhaps languished with the ready availability of a cost-effective treatment. As some endemic areas near a shift to an elimination goal, a better understanding of water-based interventions that can be used alone or in concert with treatment will be needed. Reinvigoration of laboratory, field, and human behavioral aspects of this research now will ensure that the appropriate strategies are available by the time their implementation becomes necessary.Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Control, Elimination, Water, Snail, Transmission.Schistosomiasis differs from most waterborne diseases in that rather than through ingestion of contaminated water, people become infected when their skin comes into contact with fresh water bodies that contain the parasite. As a result, strategies to purify collected drinking water that may be effective against other waterborne pathogens do not necessarily prevent transmission of schistosome infection as the act of collecting water, along with bathing, washing, swimming, and certain occupations can expose individuals to infection. More than 230 million people in the world are infected with one of the three major species of schistosomes: Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma haematobium, and more than 700 million people are at risk for infection in developing countries in Africa, Asia, and South America.

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“…In 2009, the incidence increased nearly 20% compared with that in 2008. Since the late 1990s, there have been several studies identifying both favourable and unfavourable effects of the changing environment, including climate variability, on the transmission of schistosomiasis due to the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir (Zheng et al, 2002, Xu et al, 1999, Xu et al, 2000. Results from other studies also indicate that increase in temperatures could lead to more schistosomiasis cases (Yang et al, 2005a(Yang et al, , 2005b(Yang et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Vector-borne Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Variability and Population Health in China: Updated Knowledge, Challenges and Opportunities

Ying¹,

Bi²,

Jiang³

2011

Climate Change - Socioeconomic Effects

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Relationship between the transmission of Schistosomiasis japonica and the construction of the Three Gorge Reservoir

Cited by 60 publications

References 1 publication

Spatio-temporal correlation between human and bovine schistosomiasis in China: insight from three national sampling surveys

Spatio-temporal correlation between human and bovine schistosomiasis in China: insight from three national sampling surveys

Water-based interventions for schistosomiasis control

Climate Variability and Population Health in China: Updated Knowledge, Challenges and Opportunities

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