Relationship of posttreatment decentering and cognitive reactivity to relapse in major depression.

Fresco, David M.; Segal, Zindel V.; Buis, Tom; Kennedy, Sidney H.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.3.447

Cited by 240 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Soon after, an alternative scale, the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ) was developed and it was designed to assess decentering so as to operationalize changes occurred during metacognitive-based therapies. Some studies demonstrated that EQ was capable to catch the implication of decentering in both recovery and protection against relapse in a randomized clinical trial with patients suffering MDD (Fresco, Segal, Buis, & Kennedy, 2007b;Segal et al 2006). Particularly, gains in decentering were greater in patients who responded to CBT than in those who responded to antidepressant medications; and responders to CBT with higher EQDecentering scores appeared to be more protected against further relapses.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reasonable to think that improvements in decentering may be specific to psychotherapy. Surprisingly, only few studies have addressed decentering changes, measured with EQ-Decentering, related to mindfulness interventions (Carmody, Baer, Lykins, & Olendzki, 2009, Fresco et al, 2007bTanay, Lotan, & Bernstein, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, those patients who underwent a 10-week mindfulness intervention significantly improved decentering, for which EQ-Decentering showed a capacity to detect such changes. Lastly, increments in decentering capability might underlie more durable treatment response, as accounted by Fresco et al (Fresco et al, 2007b), and EQ-Decentering is the instrument of choice to assess them.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Decentering: Validation, Psychometric Properties, and Clinical Usefulness of the Experiences Questionnaire in a Spanish Sample

et al. 2014

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Decentering: Validation, Psychometric Properties, and Clinical Usefulness of the Experiences Questionnaire in a Spanish Sample

et al. 2014

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“…Beck (1970) described distancing as a process that allows clients to think objectively about irrational thoughts and emphasized the importance of this process for effective cognitive therapy (pp. 189 -190)-a view that many scholars have since echoed (e.g., Fresco, Segal, Buis, & Kennedy, 2007;Ingram & Hollon, 1986). The concept of distancing, although sometimes referred to as "decentering" or "self as context," is also central to many newer forms of cognitive therapy, which emphasize the importance of enhancing psychological distance from the self for allowing people to observe and accept their feelings (e.g., Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006;Teasdale et al, 2002).…”

Section: Harnessing Language To Promote Self-regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is also possible for people to self-distance to achieve other goals. For example, a person could self-distance to observe his or her feelings, an approach that mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies advocate (Bishop et al, 2004;Fresco et al, 2007;. They could also self-distance to avoid their emotions, a process that many researchers would characterize as harmful (Kenny & Bryant, 2007;Kenny et al, 2009).…”

Section: Self-distancing and Its Motivational Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters.

Kross¹,

Bruehlman-Senecal²,

Park³

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

247

233

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Does the language people use to refer to the self during introspection influence how they think, feel, and behave under social stress? If so, do these effects extend to socially anxious people who are particularly vulnerable to such stress? Seven studies explored these questions (total N ϭ 585). Studies 1a and 1b were proof-of-principle studies. They demonstrated that using non-first-person pronouns and one's own name (rather than first-person pronouns) during introspection enhances self-distancing. Studies 2 and 3 examined the implications of these different types of self-talk for regulating stress surrounding making good first impressions (Study 2) and public speaking (Study 3). Compared with the first-person group, the non-first-person group performed better according to objective raters in both studies. They also displayed less distress (Studies 2 and 3) and engaged in less maladaptive postevent processing (Study 3). Studies 4 and 5 examined how these different forms of self-talk influence the way people appraise social-anxiety-provoking events. They demonstrated that non-first-person language use (compared with first-person language use) leads people to appraise future stressors in more challenging and less threatening terms. Finally, a meta-analysis (Study 6) indicated that none of these findings were moderated by trait social anxiety, highlighting their translational potential. Together, these findings demonstrate that small shifts in the language people use to refer to the self during introspection consequentially influence their ability to regulate their thoughts, feelings, and behavior under social stress, even for vulnerable individuals.Keywords: distancing, stress, social anxiety, rumination, self-regulation, emotion regulation During the summer of 2010, LeBron James, a future Hall-ofFame basketball player, faced a tough decision. Should he stay with the small market team that nurtured his career from its inception, or move to a larger city market? Shortly after making his choice (he joined the larger market team), he described his decision-making process in an interview noting, "One thing I didn't want to do was make an emotional decision. I wanted to do what's best for LeBron James and to do what makes LeBron James happy" (Greenberg, 2010).Notice how James begins by referring to himself using the pronoun I, but then quickly switches to using his own name after indicating that he does not want to make an emotional decision. Does this shift from I to James represent a mere quirk of speech? Or could it represent something more-a process, for example, that consequentially influences people's capacity to control their thoughts, feelings, and behavior? Here we suggest that it is the latter. Specifically, we hypothesize that using one's own name and other non-first-person pronouns to refer to the self during introspection is a form of self-distancing that enhances self-regulation. 1 Harnessing Language to Promote Self-RegulationSeveral lines of research motivate this prediction. First, converging evidence...

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