Relationship of Racial Composition and Cancer Risks from Air Toxics Exposure in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A.

Jia, Chunrong; James, Wesley; Kedia, Satish

doi:10.3390/ijerph110807713

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A general hypothesis in EJ is that individuals in low SES have greater burdens of environmental toxicants (Bell and Ebisu 2012;Morello-Frosch and Jesdale 2006), which is in agreement with our findings of elevated PAH exposures in individuals with low-education/income levels. However, our results showed nonwhites tend to have lower PAH levels than whites, which was in contrast to numerous EJ studies that tend to show low pollution exposure among whites (e.g., Hajat et al 2013;Jia et al 2014). It has been long hypothesized that race and SES should be distinguished in EJ analyses, despite the overrepresentation of minorities in Table 3 Regression coefficients of the associations between urinary PAH metabolites and occupation groups…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of profession on urinary PAH metabolite levels in the US population

Liu

Jia

2015

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of profession on urinary PAH metabolite levels in the US population

Liu

Jia

2015

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…South Memphis is a known home to numerous major industries such as transportation carriers, a petroleum refinery, petrochemical storage and transfer facilities, waste disposal facilities, and a power plant, all of which emit air toxics in the vicinity. 60,61 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scalable Field Study Protocol and Rationale for Passive Ambient Air Sampling: A Spatial Phytosampling for Leaf Data Collection

Oyana

Lomnicki

Guo

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Stable, bioreactive, radicals known as environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been found to exist on the surface of airborne PM2.5. These EPFRs have been found to form during many combustion processes, are present in vehicular exhaust, and persist in the environment for weeks and biological systems for up to 12 h. To measure EPFRs in PM samples, high volume samplers are required and measurements are less representative of community exposure; therefore, we developed a novel spatial phytosampling methodology to study the spatial patterns of EPFR concentrations using plants. Leaf samples for laboratory PM analysis were collected from 188 randomly drawn sampling sites within a 500-m buffer zone of pollution sources across a sampling grid measuring 32.9 × 28.4 km in Memphis, Tennessee. PM was isolated from the intact leaves and size fractionated, and EPFRs on PM quantified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The radical concentration was found to positively correlate with the EPFR g-value, thus indicating cumulative content of oxygen centered radicals in PM with higher EPFR load. Our spatial phytosampling approach reveals spatial variations and potential “hotspots” risk due to EPFR exposure across Memphis and provides valuable insights for identifying exposure and demographic differences for health studies.

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“…From the selected articles, six (Bhowmick et al, 2008;Jia et al, 2014;Klassen and Platz, 2006;Lower, 1982;Tuyns and Repetto, 1979;Wan et al, 2012) are essentially theoretical and/or methodological, or did not use cancer data. The others are listed in Table 3 and classified according to data aggregation and data sources.…”

Section: Data Sources Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial epidemiology of cancer: a review of data sources, methods and risk factors

Roquette¹,

Paìnho²,

Nunes

2017

Geospat Health

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Cancer is a major concern among chronic diseases today. Spatial epidemiology plays a relevant role in this matter and we present here a review of this subject, including a discussion of the literature in terms of the level of geographic data aggregation, risk factors and methods used to analyse the spatial distribution of patterns and spatial clusters. For this purpose, we performed a websearch in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases including studies published between 1979 and 2015. We found 180 papers from 63 journals and noted that spatial epidemiology of cancer has been addressed with more emphasis during the last decade with research based on data mostly extracted from cancer registries and official mortality statistics. In general, the research questions present in the reviewed papers can be classified into three different sets: i) analysis of spatial distribution of cancer and/or its temporal evolution; ii) risk factors; iii) development of data analysis methods and/or evaluation of results obtained from application of existing methods. This review is expected to help promote research in this area through the identification of relevant knowledge gaps. Cancer's spatial epidemiology represents an important concern, mainly for public health policies design aimed to minimise the impact of chronic disease in specific populations. IntroductionGiven the relevance of spatial epidemiology in health research and the emphasis of cancer among chronic diseases, as well as the growing amount of studies in this area, it is important to know what the literature says about spatial epidemiology of cancer as well as provide its structured description. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is a leading cause of death in the world (WHO, 2015). It is also the cause of various morbidities and co-morbidities and can be responsible for loss of years of life years as well as loss of years without disability. Considering the aging population, it is predicted that the number of new cases of cancer will increase by more than 12% over the next decade in the European Union (EU) (DGS, 2013). The fight against cancer is a major challenge in public health. This challenge is due in part to the inequalities in terms of incidence, mortality, and survival. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is needed (Bastos et al., 2010). Among the various fields that can contribute to the development of knowledge about this disease, spatial epidemiology plays an important role. It can promote the understanding of spatial and temporal distribution patterns, helping to better identify the risk factors that influence them.Three types of approach can be established in spatial epidemiology: i) mapping; ii) geographic correlation; and iii) clustering (Elliott and Wartenberg, 2004). Mapping or map design regarding health and disease situations is the most often mentioned and used of these three approaches. Further, geographic correlation studies have the goal to spatially compare the health with several types of factors such as e...

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Relationship of Racial Composition and Cancer Risks from Air Toxics Exposure in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A.

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of profession on urinary PAH metabolite levels in the US population

Effects of profession on urinary PAH metabolite levels in the US population

A Scalable Field Study Protocol and Rationale for Passive Ambient Air Sampling: A Spatial Phytosampling for Leaf Data Collection

Spatial epidemiology of cancer: a review of data sources, methods and risk factors

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