“…Classroom CA has most often been associated with low course satisfaction (Scott & Wheeless, 1975), low cognitive performance (Bouris & Allen, 1992), higher drop-out rates (McCroskey, Booth-Butterfield, & Payne, 1989), women's learning style preferences (Dwyer, 1998), and perceptions of learning (Allen, Long, O'Mara, & Judd, 2008). While research on CA and student learning typically focused on receiver disruptions, studies also examined CA characteristics in college teachers (Kearney & McCroskey, 1981), primary and secondary teachers (McCroskey, Andersen, Richmond, & Wheeless, 1981), and teaching assistants (Roach, 1998). Thus, CA provided a process bridging source-receiver content, execution, and reception that complicated the linear view of instruction.…”