Relationships between anaemia and parasitic infections in Kenyan schoolchildren: A Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach

Koukounari, Artemis; Estambale, Benson B.; Njagi, J Kiambo; Cundill, Bonnie; Ajanga, Anthony; Crudder, Christopher; Otido, Julius; Jukes, Matthew; Clarke, Siân E.; Brooker, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.05.013

Cited by 77 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…51 By contrast, others have reported varying increases in the risk of anemia with malaria and helminth coinfection across various age groups. 46,[52][53][54][55][56] Given that there are more than 400 million cases of P. falciparum each year, 57 many occurring in areas endemic for helminths, a greater understanding of the interaction between these two highly prevalent and clinically important parasitic diseases could lead to the formulation of more effective control strategies for both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Humphries

Mosites²,

Otchere³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

110

100

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Abstract.A cross-sectional pilot study of hookworm infection was carried out among 292 subjects from 62 households in Kintampo North, Ghana. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45%, peaking in those 11-20 years old (58.5%). In children, risk factors for hookworm infection included coinfection with malaria and increased serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to hookworm secretory antigens. Risk factors for infection in adults included poor nutritional status, not using a latrine, not wearing shoes, and occupation (farming). Although albendazole therapy was associated with an overall egg reduction rate of 82%, 37 subjects (39%) remained infected. Among those who failed therapy, treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in egg excretion, and nearly one-third had higher counts on repeat examination. These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Humphries

Mosites²,

Otchere³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

110

100

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“…2,[4][5][6][7] Moreover, school children in Kenya with heavy Schistosoma mansoni infections are 2.3 times more likely to be anemic than uninfected children. 8 Meta-analysis of available data demonstrates that anemia is a major contributor to the disease-specific disability of schistosomiasis. 3 Thus, schistosomiasis-associated anemia has the ability to impact quality of life of infected children and potentially contribute to the socioeconomic burden in disease-endemic areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Anemia in Schistosoma mansoni–Infected School Children in Western Kenya

Butler¹,

Muok²,

Montgomery³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A better understanding of the mechanism of anemia associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection might provide useful information on how treatment programs are implemented to minimize schistosomiasis-associated morbidity and maximize treatment impact. We used a cross-sectional study with serum samples from 206 Kenyan school children to determine the mechanisms in S. mansoni-associated anemia. Serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results suggest that S. mansoni-infected persons are more likely (odds ratio = 3.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.33-10.1) to have levels of serum ferritin ( 100 ng/mL) that are associated with anemia of inflammation (AI) than S. mansoni-uninfected children. Our results suggest that AI is the most common form of anemia in S. mansoni infections. In contrast, the mechanism of anemia in S. mansoni-uninfected children was iron deficiency. Moreover, the prevalence of AI in the study participants demonstrated a significant trend with S. mansoni infection intensity (P 0.001). Our results are consistent with those observed in S. japonicum-associated anemia.

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“…It is estimated to affects 20 -50% of the world's population (Saloojee & Pettifor, 2001) and is common among children because of nutrition deficiencies, parasitic infections and haemoglobinopathies (Koukounari et al, 2008). Anaemia is estimated to contribute about 23% of nutrition-related disability-adjusted life years (WHO, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaemia is estimated to contribute about 23% of nutrition-related disability-adjusted life years (WHO, 2002). In school age children, anaemia is associated with impairments in physical growth, cognition and school performance (Grantham-McGregor & Ani, 2001;Koukounari et al, 2008). In the tropics, parasitic infections such as hookworm, schistosomiasis and malaria are predictors for anaemia (Adam et al, 2005;Koukounari et al, 2008;Mahgoub et al, 2009;Bouyou-Akotet et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia and organomegaly associated with parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Sengerema District, north-western Tanzania

Mazigo

Lwambo

Mkoji

et al. 2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Anaemia and organomegaly are among the health problems affecting schoolchildren in Tanzania and their causes are multifactorial. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and organomegaly and their relationship with single and multiple parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Sengerema District in north-west Tanzania. This cross sectional study involved 400 schoolchildren. Anaemia and organomegaly were determined using HemoCue photometer and clinical palpation, respectively. A Kato-Katz technique was employed to screen faecal samples for Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal helminths. Giemsa stained thick and thin blood smears were examined for malaria parasites. The prevalence of anaemia was 19.5% (<11g/dl) and majority of the children had mild (22.8%) to moderate (36.6%) anaemia. Organomegaly (palpable spleen and liver) was detected in 41% of the children and hepatomegaly was the most common (53.7%). The prevalence of S. mansoni, hookworm and P. falciparum were 64.3%, 38% and 13.5% respectively. No significant relationship was observed between single and multiple parasitic infections with anaemia and organomegaly. Logistic regression analysis revealed that increased infections intensity of S. mansoni was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of hookworm concomitant infections (P<0.002). In conclusion, the data confirm that malaria, intestinal schistosomiasis and hookworm are common among school children but are not associated with anaemia and organomegaly. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to establish any such association. The prevalence of parasitic co-infections among schoolchildren calls for an integrated control approach to reduce the burden of these infections. _________________________________________________________________________________

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Relationships between anaemia and parasitic infections in Kenyan schoolchildren: A Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach

Cited by 77 publications

References 37 publications

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Mechanism of Anemia in Schistosoma mansoni–Infected School Children in Western Kenya

Anaemia and organomegaly associated with parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Sengerema District, north-western Tanzania

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