Relationships between Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Adiponectin in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Beyond fertility, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) may exert action on adipocytes, which are the major source of adiponectin and leptin, linking to insulin resistance. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between FSH and adipocyte-derived hormones. This cross-sectional study enrolled postmenopausal women aged 40–65 years. The variables measured in this study included clinical parameters, fasting levels of sex hormones, glucose, insulin, and adipokines. A total of 261 women without breast cancer, 88 women with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen, and 59 women with breast cancer receiving additional gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs were enrolled in this study. Significant differences in the levels of adiponectin, leptin, and FSH were observed between the non-breast cancer group and the breast cancer groups. Spearman’s rank test revealed significant associations of FSH with either body mass index (BMI) or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values in the non-breast cancer group. After adjusting for BMI, age, and menopause duration, FSH levels were significantly associated with adiponectin (p < 0.001) and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (p = 0.008) in the non-breast cancer group, but they were only significantly associated with adiponectin (p = 0.001) in the breast cancer group receiving tamoxifen. Our data show that FSH levels are independently associated with adiponectin levels in postmenopausal women, suggesting that adiponectin may link FSH to metabolic relationships in postmenopausal female.

Relationship between metabolic syndrome and follicle-stimulating hormone in postmenopausal women

“…[ 31 ] Previous studies showed that adiponectin level is negatively associated with estradiol level and positively associated with FSH level. [ 32 , 33 ]…”

“…[31] Previous studies showed that adiponectin level is negatively associated with estradiol level and positively associated with FSH level. [32,33] Few studies have examined the impact of FSH on MetS. In two clinical studies, Stefanska et al examined the association between FSH and MetS.…”

“…Adiponectin plays a role in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome by increasing insulin sensitivity and anti-inflammatory effect in adipose tissue [31] . Previous studies showed that adiponectin level is negatively associated with estradiol level and positively associated with FSH level [32,33] …”

Effect of Tamoxifen on Proteome Expression during In Vitro Myogenesis in Murine Skeletal Muscle C2C12 Cells

“…Both TMX and estrogen have previously been shown to alter adiponectin signaling in both androgenic and anabolic tissues; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of this effect in a myogenesis model at the proteomic level. 24,25 To determine if there were significant functional changes induced by TMX across all myogenically regulated proteins, we next performed STRING and GO enrichment on the subset of proteins that was unique to untreated myogenesis (n = 195) and TMX myogenesis (n = 161), respectively. Functional enrichment showed that the majority of proteins found only in the untreated data set were involved in rRNA processing, whereas the TMX effect was enriched for protein localization to telomeric DNA (Figure 3B).…”

Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on fat metabolism and cognitive impairment in women during menopause

“…The study found that overweight menopausal women had higher serum levels of insulin, C-peptide, resistin, leptin and inflammatory factors than normal-weight menopausal women ( Palla et al, 2020 ). In addition, FSH levels were found to be significantly associated with adiponectin and leptin-adiponectin ratio in menopausal women, which may link FSH to abnormal energy metabolism and insulin resistance ( Huang et al, 2020 ). Cohort studies based on Asian women found that obesity is closely related to the incidence and severity of psychological and physical climacteric symptoms ( Lin et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2020 ).…”