Relationships between hoof-acceleration patterns of galloping horses and dynamic properties of the track

Ratzlaff, Marc H.; Wilson, P. N.; Hutton, David V.; Slinker, Bryan K.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.589

Cited by 56 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Rebound rate, measured with an earlier version of the TTD [10], was thought to be the most useful dynamic property of the track, as it was most consistently related to hoof accelerations measured by instrumented horses [12]. The positive relationship between TTD rebound rate and peak hoof acceleration during the braking-propulsion transition indicates that low rebound rates would result in efficient strides and low limb stresses [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The positive relationship between TTD rebound rate and peak hoof acceleration during the braking-propulsion transition indicates that low rebound rates would result in efficient strides and low limb stresses [12]. For the current study, the TTD was modified for multi-axis measurements and better simulation of horse hoof impact for a more appropriate assessment of surface properties [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These devices demonstrated that moisture content and maintenance of dirt surfaces affect impact measurements [10,11]. Other impact measurements correlated with the occurrence of lameness [8] and instrumented horse data [10,12]. There are no published results of impact measurements of synthetic surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of equine racetrack surface type, depth, boundary area, and harrowing on dynamic surface properties measured using a track-testing device in a laboratory setting

et al. 2011

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The dynamic behaviour of racetrack surfaces during hoof impact is a likely risk factor for racehorse injuries and fatalities. A track-testing device that simulates equine hoof impact was used to assess the effects of surface type (dirt, synthetic), surface depth (2, 3, 4 layers), test boundary area (929, 6,606, 11,381 cm 2 ), harrowing, and impact angle (0°, 20°from vertical) on dynamic surface properties. Surfaces were tested within a laboratory trackin-a-box. Surface type and depth, boundary area, and harrowing significantly affected dynamic surface properties during impacts (P \ 0.05). The synthetic surface was generally less stiff, and had 26-73% lower maximum impact forces and load rates, than the dirt surface. Harrowing decreased stiffness and differences between dirt and synthetic properties. Measured surface stiffness was larger for the smallest depth and boundary area, but most surface properties were not significantly different between the larger boundary areas. Surfaces were less stiff with angled impacts than vertical impacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of equine racetrack surface type, depth, boundary area, and harrowing on dynamic surface properties measured using a track-testing device in a laboratory setting

et al. 2011

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“…A small minority of these studies (7), eschewed applications to metabolism and instead remained within the traditional realm of evaluating performance: running in racehorses [113][114][115][116][117], swimming in sea snakes [118], and flight in Procellariform sea birds [119]. The remaining 90% of articles focused on energy efficiency during locomotion for travel or foraging [31,35,94,[120][121][122][123][124].…”

Section: Survey Of Questions Currently Served By Accelerometry: Biomementioning

confidence: 99%

Observing the unwatchable through acceleration logging of animal behavior

et al. 2013

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Behavior is an important mechanism of evolution and it is paid for through energy expenditure. Nevertheless, field biologists can rarely observe animals for more than a fraction of their daily activities and attempts to quantify behavior for modeling ecological processes often exclude cryptic yet important behavioral events. Over the past few years, an explosion of research on remote monitoring of animal behavior using acceleration sensors has smashed the decades-old limits of observational studies. Animal-attached accelerometers measure the change in velocity of the body over time and can quantify fine-scale movements and body postures unlimited by visibility, observer bias, or the scale of space use. Pioneered more than a decade ago, application of accelerometers as a remote monitoring tool has recently surged thanks to the development of more accessible hardware and software. It has been applied to more than 120 species of animals to date. Accelerometer measurements are typically collected in three dimensions of movement at very high resolution (>10 Hz), and have so far been applied towards two main objectives. First, the patterns of accelerometer waveforms can be used to deduce specific behaviors through animal movement and body posture. Second, the variation in accelerometer waveform measurements has been shown to correlate with energy expenditure, opening up a suite of scientific questions in species notoriously difficult to observe in the wild. To date, studies of wild aquatic species outnumber wild terrestrial species and analyses of social behaviors are particularly few in number. Researchers of domestic and captive species also tend to report methodology more thoroughly than those studying species in the wild. There are substantial challenges to getting the most out of accelerometers, including validation, calibration, and the management and analysis of large quantities of data. In this review, we illustrate how accelerometers work, provide an overview of the ecological questions that have employed accelerometry, and highlight the emerging best practices for data acquisition and analysis. This tool offers a level of detail in behavioral studies of free-ranging wild animals that has previously been impossible to achieve and, across scientific disciplines, it improves understanding of the role of behavioral mechanisms in ecological and evolutionary processes. AbstractResumen: El comportamiento es un mecanismo importante de la evolución y que se paga a través del gasto de energía. Sin embargo, los biólogos de campo raramente observan los animales durante más de una fracción de sus actividades y los intentos de cuantificar el comportamiento para el modelado de los procesos ecológicos a menudo excluyen eventos crípticos pero importantes. En los últimos años se produjeron avances importantes en el monitoreo remoto del comportamiento de los animales, utilizando sensores de telemétro de aceleración (acelerómetros) que empujan los límites tradicionales de los estudios observacionales. Acelerómetros uni...

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“…Therefore, differences in the sport-functional properties of riding surfaces can be expected. Some previous studies have shown the possibility to illustrate the influence of the surface on the stress on the horse's limbs by acceleration measurements on the horse's hooves [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, a high variability between and within horses has been found in acceleration data [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Use of a Technical Device for Testing the Sport-Functional Properties of Riding Surfaces

Kruse

Traulsen

Krieter

2013

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Relationships between hoof-acceleration patterns of galloping horses and dynamic properties of the track

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of equine racetrack surface type, depth, boundary area, and harrowing on dynamic surface properties measured using a track-testing device in a laboratory setting

Effects of equine racetrack surface type, depth, boundary area, and harrowing on dynamic surface properties measured using a track-testing device in a laboratory setting

Observing the unwatchable through acceleration logging of animal behavior

The Use of a Technical Device for Testing the Sport-Functional Properties of Riding Surfaces

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