Relationships between migration and the fiscal sustainability of the pension system in China

Hu, Haoyu; Wei, Wang; Feng, Dawei; Yang, Hualei

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248138

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This suggests that the current pension fund cannot protect the future older population completely. The future sustainability of pension funds will still require government financial support, which will strongly impact China's fiscal sustainability (7). Consequently, in the face of rapid aging and pressure on pension fund payments, raising the normal retirement age is urgent for China.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How long can Chinese women work after retirement based on health level: Evidence from the CHARLS

Cheng

Fang

Zeng

2023

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveTo further enhance the understanding of factors impacting female participation in the workforce based on health levels and to measure the excess work capacity of middle-aged and older female groups by residence and educational level.MethodsData of women aged 45–74 were accessed from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011, 2013, 2015, to 2018. The health status of women was comprehensively evaluated by single health variables and frailty index. A Probit model was used to measure the excess working capacity of women by region (rural/urban) and educational level, taking all women aged 45–49, rural women aged 45–49, and rural (illiterate) women in all age groups as the benchmark, respectively.ResultsThe excess capacity of all Chinese women aged 50–64 is 1.9 years, and that of women aged 50–74 is 5.1 years. The excess work capacity of women in urban and rural areas and with different educational levels is heterogeneous. The excess working capacity of urban women aged 50–64 is 6.1–7.8 years, and that of urban women aged 50–74 is 9.8–14.9 years. The excess working capacity of urban women aged 50–64 is about 6 times that of rural women. The excess work capacity of highly educated women was 3 times higher than that of illiterate women.ConclusionThe potential work capacity of Chinese women remains to be exploited, especially for urban and highly educated middle-aged and older women with better conditions of health, whose potential is more significant. A rational retirement policy for women and the progressive implementation of an equal retirement age for men and women will contribute to further advancement of gender equality and healthy aging in the workplace in China.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How long can Chinese women work after retirement based on health level: Evidence from the CHARLS

Cheng

Fang

Zeng

2023

Front. Public Health

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“…As a result, pension funds are an essential source of income for rural elderly residents [ 11 ], and significant regional differences in pension fund balances will widen the income gap among older adults in different regions [ 12 ]. Furthermore, due to the interaction between pension fund balance and population flow [ 13 ], the smaller the pension fund balance and the lower the pension level, the more the outflow of the labor force will be exacerbated [ 14 ]. The loss of labor force will reduce the pension supply of the place of emigration, which will not only aggravate the financial crisis of the pension fund of the area of emigration but also lead to the further expansion of the level of economic development between regions [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geographical pension gap: Understanding the causes of inequality in China’s pension funds

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The sustainability of social pension insurance is of great significance in guaranteeing the essential life of the elderly and promoting social stability. Based on the provincial panel data from 2012 to 2020, this study uses non-spatial measurement methods, ArcGIS visualization research methods, and geographic detectors to study the regional differences in China’s pension fund balances and the underlying influencing factors. Compared with the traditional way of establishing regression equations to explore the correlation of influencing factors, geographic detectors can quantify the strength of each influencing factor and detect the interaction of different influencing factors. This study found that: First, the growth rate of China’s overall pension fund balances has been declining yearly, with the fastest decline in northeast China, the middle in the Western and Central regions of China, and the slowest decline in Eastern China. Second, the spatial distribution of pension fund balances shows agglomeration characteristics, with high-value areas mainly distributed in Eastern China and low-value regions distributed primarily in Western and Northeastern China. Third, the overall Theil index for pension fund balances is trending down, but the Theil index for the Eastern region is on the rise. Fourth, seven factors, including the working-age population, the population aged 65 and above, and regional GDP, are the main factors that lead to regional differences in the balance of urban and rural residential insurance funds. Finally, the superimposed effects of each element are reflected in double-factor enhancement or non-linear enhancement relation.

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Relationships between migration and the fiscal sustainability of the pension system in China

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

How long can Chinese women work after retirement based on health level: Evidence from the CHARLS

How long can Chinese women work after retirement based on health level: Evidence from the CHARLS

The geographical pension gap: Understanding the causes of inequality in China’s pension funds

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