Relationships between nitrogen, dry matter accumulation and glucosinolates in Eruca sativa Mills. The applicability of the critical NO3-N levels approach

Omirou, Michalis; Papastefanou, Chara; Katsarou, Dimitra; Papastylianou, I.; Passam, H. C.; Ehaliotis, Constantinos; Papadopoulou, Kalliope Κ.

doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1071-9

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…By considering the different classes of GSLs, aliphatics had a prominent role (Table 2), by representing 94.5 and 97.3% of the total for E. sativa and D. tenuifolia, respectively (Figure 4). In accordance with Omirou et al (2012) who found that in E. sativa, the increase of the N supply, reduced most aliphatic GSLs and increased the indolic GSLs, in a similar manner to our findings. However, the influence of N on GSL concentrations is highly variable, and it has been reported that the increase of N level may reduce, increase, or have no effect on GSL concentration and composition, depending on the Brassicaceae species (Kim et al, 2002;Kopsell et al, 2007;Schonhof et al, 2007;Omirou et al, 2009).…”

Section: Glucosinolatessupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The nitrogen level also influenced the total GLSs content jointly with light spectra: in D. tenuifolia RED and FS light, with 1 mM of nitrogen, produced a total GLSs content 1.6-and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, than BLUE light at same N level. Such effects have been previously observed by Omirou et al (2012), who reported that the biosynthesis of GLSs is influenced by N levels; even with an observed significant interaction with the sulfur level. Indeed, in our experiments the S level into the nutrient solution was slightly higher in 1 mM with respect to 8 mM (76 vs. 29 mg•kg −1 , respectively), as in the 1 mM treatment we added potassium in the form of K 2 SO 4 -instead of KNO 3 , to reduce the N concentration to 1 mM into the nutrient solution.…”

Section: Glucosinolatessupporting

confidence: 77%

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Red Light Is Effective in Reducing Nitrate Concentration in Rocket by Increasing Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Contributes to Increased Total Glucosinolates Content

et al. 2020

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Rocket cultivation is increasing to supply the expanding ready-to-eat market because of its unique taste, but crops are often over fertilized to avoid nitrogen deficiencies. This leads to nitrate accumulation in leaves, and the products of their degradation (nitrites and nitrosamines) have been related to several health problems. Nitrate concentrations in rocket and other leafy vegetables are subject to limits by the EU legislation, yet rocket holds a great nutritional value. Degradation products of glucosinolates (isothiocyanates) have been consistently linked with benefits to human health. We investigated the influence of nitrogen application (1 and 8 mM), species [Eruca sativa (L.) Cav. and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.] and light spectrum (full spectrum, red, blue and red + blue) on the nitrate concentration, nitrate reductase activity and glucosinolate content of rocket grown in a soil-less system. Red light decreased the nitrate concentration with respect to the blue spectrum (4,270 vs. 7,100 mg•kg −1 of fresh weight, respectively), but such reduction was influenced by the species and the nitrogen level (significantly higher in D. tenuifolia and with the higher concentration of N). The nitrate reductase activity increased under red light in D. tenuifolia, with the lower N concentration. Rocket is known to contain several health-promoting compounds mainly antioxidants and glucosinolates, as secondary metabolites that act as part of plant defense mechanisms. The total content of glucosinolates was mainly affected by the species (D. tenuifolia showed the highest concentrations). Our results will help growers to tailor light spectra with the aim of reducing nitrate concentration and to remain within EU legislative limits, without any detrimental influence on other qualitative parameters in rocket.

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Section: Glucosinolatessupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Glucosinolatessupporting

confidence: 77%

Red Light Is Effective in Reducing Nitrate Concentration in Rocket by Increasing Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Contributes to Increased Total Glucosinolates Content

et al. 2020

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“…and ). These results are reasonably consistent with previous work reporting that N fertilization decreases aliphatic glucosinolates and increases indole glucosinolates in rocket salad Eruca sativa (Omirou et al ., ). Potassium (K + ) limitation can also increase aliphatic and indole glucosinolate concentrations by stimulating the JA pathway (Troufflard et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Will chemical defenses become more effective against specialist herbivores under elevatedCO₂?

Landosky

Karowe

2014

Global Change Biology

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Elevated atmospheric CO2 is known to affect plant-insect herbivore interactions. Elevated CO2 causes leaf nitrogen to decrease, the ostensible cause of herbivore compensatory feeding. CO2 may also affect herbivore consumption by altering chemical defenses via changes in plant hormones. We considered the effects of elevated CO2, in conjunction with soil fertility and damage (simulated herbivory), on glucosinolate concentrations of mustard (Brassica nigra) and collard (B. oleracea var. acephala) and the effects of leaf nitrogen and glucosinolate groups on specialist Pieris rapae consumption. Elevated CO2 affected B. oleracea but not B. nigra glucosinolates; responses to soil fertility and damage were also species-specific. Soil fertility and damage also affected B. oleracea glucosinolates differently under elevated CO2. Glucosinolates did not affect P. rapae consumption at either CO2 concentration in B. nigra, but had CO2-specific effects on consumption in B. oleracea. At ambient CO2, leaf nitrogen had strong effects on glucosinolate concentrations and P. rapae consumption but only gluconasturtiin was a feeding stimulant. At elevated CO2, direct effects of leaf nitrogen were weaker, but glucosinolates had stronger effects on consumption. Gluconasturtiin and aliphatic glucosinolates were feeding stimulants and indole glucosinolates were feeding deterrents. These results do not support the compensatory feeding hypothesis as the sole driver of changes in P. rapae consumption under elevated CO2. Support for hormone-mediated CO2 response (HMCR) was mixed; it explained few treatment effects on constitutive or induced glucosinolates, but did explain patterns in SEMs. Further, the novel feeding deterrent effect of indole glucosinolates under elevated CO2 in B. oleracae underscores the importance of defensive chemistry in CO2 response. We speculate that P. rapae indole glucosinolate detoxification mechanisms may have been overwhelmed under elevated CO2 forcing slowed consumption. Specialists may have to contend with hosts with poorer nutritional quality and more effective chemical defenses under elevated CO2.

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“…In E. sativa N sources in the form of ammonium (NH 4 + ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ) significantly affected the GSLs content: the highest values of GSLs were observed at a NH 4 + NO 3 − ratio of 50/50, while the lowest values were registered in presence of only NH 4 + [ 31 ]. In the same species, N fertilizations up to 1.04 g N per plant enhanced growth and biomass during the first month of cultivation with negative effects on the aliphatic GSLs biosynthesis [ 32 ]. In contrast, indole GSLs showed a general increase [ 32 ].…”

Section: The Glucosinolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same species, N fertilizations up to 1.04 g N per plant enhanced growth and biomass during the first month of cultivation with negative effects on the aliphatic GSLs biosynthesis [ 32 ]. In contrast, indole GSLs showed a general increase [ 32 ]. Additional work is needed to clarify which regulatory mechanisms control the preferentiality towards aliphatic and/or indole GSLs biosynthesis.…”

Section: The Glucosinolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrates and Glucosinolates as Strong Determinants of the Nutritional Quality in Rocket Leafy Salads

2014

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Rocket is an important leafy vegetable crop and a good source of antioxidants and anticancer molecules such as glucosinolates and other sulfur compounds. Rocket is also a hyper-accumulator of nitrates which have been considered for long time the main factors that cause gastro-intestinal cancer. In this review, the content of these compounds in rocket tissues and their levels at harvest and during storage are discussed. Moreover, the effect of these compounds in preventing or inducing human diseases is also highlighted. This review provides an update to all the most recent studies carried out on rocket encouraging the consumption of this leafy vegetable to reduce the risk of contracting cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.

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Relationships between nitrogen, dry matter accumulation and glucosinolates in Eruca sativa Mills. The applicability of the critical NO3-N levels approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 66 publications

Red Light Is Effective in Reducing Nitrate Concentration in Rocket by Increasing Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Contributes to Increased Total Glucosinolates Content

Red Light Is Effective in Reducing Nitrate Concentration in Rocket by Increasing Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Contributes to Increased Total Glucosinolates Content

Will chemical defenses become more effective against specialist herbivores under elevatedCO₂?

Nitrates and Glucosinolates as Strong Determinants of the Nutritional Quality in Rocket Leafy Salads

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Relationships between nitrogen, dry matter accumulation and glucosinolates in Eruca sativa Mills. The applicability of the critical NO3-N levels approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 66 publications

Red Light Is Effective in Reducing Nitrate Concentration in Rocket by Increasing Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Contributes to Increased Total Glucosinolates Content

Red Light Is Effective in Reducing Nitrate Concentration in Rocket by Increasing Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Contributes to Increased Total Glucosinolates Content

Will chemical defenses become more effective against specialist herbivores under elevatedCO2?

Nitrates and Glucosinolates as Strong Determinants of the Nutritional Quality in Rocket Leafy Salads

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Product

Resources

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Will chemical defenses become more effective against specialist herbivores under elevatedCO₂?