RELATIVE CHANGES IN LEVELS OF POLYAMINES AND ACTIVITIES OF THEIR BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES IN BARLEY INFECTED WITH THE POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS, <i>ERYSIPHE GRAMINIS</i> D.C. ex MERAT f.sp. <i>HORDEI</i> MARCHAL

Walters, Dale R.; Wilson, Paul W.; Shuttleton, M. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02875.x

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Root ODC activity was enhanced by mycelia inoculation and is consistent with changes in polyamine biosynthesis enzyme activities observed by Waiters et al (1985) upon fungal infection of barley leaves. As the ODC assay includes root and fungal sources, work should continue in pure roots, perhaps monitoring ODC in conjunction with other biochemical techniques such as arginine decarboxylase (ADC) found in significant levels in roots (Altman et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Variations in ergosterol content and ornithine decarboxylase activity of ectomycorrhizal root-soil systems

Johnson

McGill

1990

Plant Soil

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Influences of soil P fertilization on temporal changes in ergosterol content and ornithine decarboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.17, ODC) activity were monitored in rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil and Pinus contorta roots ectomycorrhizal with Hebeloma crustuliniforme grown in a loamy sand. With addition of mycorrhizal inoculum to loamy sand, ODC activity mg-~ root increased between 10% and 2 fold within 21 weeks of planting. Inoculation also decreased root mass per seedling. Inoculation increased mycelia mass per root mass by up to 2 fold but no differences were observed for total seedling mass until 35 weeks. Intramatrical mycelia were detrimental to early plant growth, but inoculated seedlings had 1.7 times more root mass and 1.3 times more shoot mass at 35 weeks. Rhizosphere soil contained up to 5 times more mycelia and up to 6 times greater ODC activity than non-rhizosphere soil. Inoculation increased rhizosphere metabolic activity and intramatrical mycelia mass. Their sensitivity to fungal inoculation, P fertilization and temporal trends may make the methods useful in studies of rhizosphere ecology and root-microbe relationships.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Variations in ergosterol content and ornithine decarboxylase activity of ectomycorrhizal root-soil systems

Johnson

McGill

1990

Plant Soil

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“…Only a few reports have appeared about host-fungi interactions. Infection of barley with two fungi (Puccinia hordei [24] or Erysiphe graminis [36]) resulted in large increases in polyamine content which seemed to be the result of the release from preexisting conjugate forms in the green islands in diseased tissues (35). However, Bakanasvili et al (2) found that infection of tomato fruits by Rhizopus stolonifer or their treatment with ethylene resulted in decreases in polyamine content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Polyamines in Plants Infected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid or Treated with Silver Ions and Ethephon

Bellés

Carbonell²,

Conejero³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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The levels of polyamines in leaves of Gynura aurantiaca DC and tomato, Lycoperskon esculentum Mill. cv Rutgers, infected with citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) or treated with silver nitrate or ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) were measured by HPLC in relation to development of symptoms. Previously it had been demonstrated that treatment of G. aurantiaca plants with silver nitrate or ethephon closely mimicked the effects of viroid infection in the plants. In the studies reported here, a marked decrease in putrescine level was observed in plants infected by CEVd or treated with silver ions or ethephon. There was no significant change in either spermidine or spermine levels. Treatment of G. aurantiaca plants with specific inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis (aminoethoxyvinylglycine, Co2+) or ethylene action (norbomadiene) prevented the decrease of putrescine associated with silver nitrate treatment and had no effect on spermidine or spermine levels. The development of viroid-like symptoms, the production of associated pathogenesis-related proteins, and the rise in protease activity induced by silver nitrate, were all suppressed by exogenous application of putrescine. The decreased level of putrescine as an ethylene-mediated step in the transduction of the viroid and silver or ethephon signaling is discussed.

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“…Studies conducted so far in relation with the role of PAs in plant-pathogen interactions have focused mainly on viruses (Negrel et al, 1984;Bellés et al, 1991;Torrigiani et al, 1997;Yamakawa et al, 1998;Hiraga et al, 2000;Marini et al, 2001;Yoda et al, 2003;Yoo et al, 2004) and biotrophic fungi causing rusts and mildews on several different hosts (Walters et al, 1985;Walters and Wylie, 1986;Cowley and Walters, 2002). However, the attention previously devoted to the effects of necrotrophic plant pathogens on host PA metabolism has been very scant (Angelini et al, 1993;Rea et al, 2002).…”

Section: Changes In Pa Metabolism Of Tobacco Plants Infected By the Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoplastic Polyamine Oxidation Plays Different Roles in Local Responses of Tobacco to Infection by the Necrotrophic FungusSclerotinia sclerotiorumand the Biotrophic BacteriumPseudomonas viridiflava

et al. 2008

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The role of polyamine (PA) metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) defense against pathogens with contrasting pathogenic strategies was evaluated. Infection by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resulted in increased arginine decarboxylase expression and activity in host tissues, as well as putrescine and spermine accumulation in leaf apoplast. Enhancement of leaf PA levels, either by using transgenic plants or infiltration with exogenous PAs, led to increased necrosis due to infection by S. sclerotiorum. Specific inhibition of diamine and PA oxidases attenuated the PA-induced enhancement of leaf necrosis during fungal infection. When tobacco responses to infection by the biotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava were investigated, an increase of apoplastic spermine levels was detected. Enhancement of host PA levels by the above-described experimental approaches strongly decreased in planta bacterial growth, an effect that was blocked by a PA oxidase inhibitor. It can be concluded that accumulation and further oxidation of free PAs in the leaf apoplast of tobacco plants occurs in a similar, although not identical way during tobacco defense against infection by microorganisms with contrasting pathogenesis strategies. This response affects the pathogen's ability to colonize host tissues and results are detrimental for plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens that feed on necrotic tissue; on the contrary, this response plays a beneficial role in defense against biotrophic pathogens that depend on living tissue for successful host colonization. Thus, apoplastic PAs play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions, and modulation of host PA levels, particularly in the leaf apoplast, may lead to significant changes in host susceptibility to different kinds of pathogens.

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RELATIVE CHANGES IN LEVELS OF POLYAMINES AND ACTIVITIES OF THEIR BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES IN BARLEY INFECTED WITH THE POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS, ERYSIPHE GRAMINIS D.C. ex MERAT f.sp. HORDEI MARCHAL

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Variations in ergosterol content and ornithine decarboxylase activity of ectomycorrhizal root-soil systems

Variations in ergosterol content and ornithine decarboxylase activity of ectomycorrhizal root-soil systems

Polyamines in Plants Infected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid or Treated with Silver Ions and Ethephon

Apoplastic Polyamine Oxidation Plays Different Roles in Local Responses of Tobacco to Infection by the Necrotrophic FungusSclerotinia sclerotiorumand the Biotrophic BacteriumPseudomonas viridiflava

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