Relative fermentation of oligosaccharides from human milk and plants by gut microbes

Abstract

sparse. B. longum fermentation products inhibited C. jejuni and E. coli. Thus, HMOS most strongly promoted growth of the two mutualists, and both HMOS and GMOS were efficiently fermented by these mutualists into organic acids. This is consistent with a primary role of HMOS in guiding early colonization of the infant microbiota by mutualist symbionts, and of plant oligosaccharides, especially GMOS, in maintaining a favorable microbiota through adulthood.Keywords Human milk oligosaccharides · Plant oligosaccharides · Microbiota · Prebiotic · Organic acids Abbreviations HMOSHuman milk oligosaccharides GMOS Gluco-manno-oligosaccha-Abstract Gut microbiota is important to human health. Specific dietary glycans promote favorable microbiota growth and inhibit pathobionts. Dietary glycans most relevant to adults and weaned infants are derived from plants or lactose; human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) are most relevant to breastfed infants. Their efficacy in supporting bacterial growth is compared to determine their potential roles in the initiation and maintenance of colonization. Bioactivities of gluco-manno-oligosaccharides (GMOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), cellobiose (CBS), HMOS, and the most prominent individual HMOS, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) were contrasted. Two representative gut microbiota mutualists, Bifidobacteria longum ATCC15697 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495, and two non-mutualists, Campylobacter jejuni S107 and Escherichia coli K12, were used to assess the in vitro prebiotic potential of these oligosaccharides. All oligosaccharides afforded growth of B. longum and L. acidophilus, with HMOS supporting the most robust growth, while none of these oligosaccharides afforded meaningful growth of non-mutualists. B. longum efficiently converted HMOS, GMOS, GOS, and XOS into organic acid fermentation products, and, to a lesser degree, L. acidophilus metabolized HMOS, GMOS, and GOS. Fermentation of these glycans by C. jejuni and E. coli was

The effect of 2′-fucosyllactose on simulated infant gut microbiome and metabolites; a pilot study in comparison to GOS and lactose

“…In addition, SCFAs may induce osmotic diarrhoea, which is linked to excess production and limited colonic absorption of SCFAs 64 . The ability of GOS to generate larger amounts of SCFAs compared with 2′-FL has been reported 10,65 . However, as we evaluated the effect of only one HMO on the composition of the complex fermentation system—not defined bacterial species and metabolites—the combined effect of multiple HMOs can be different.…”

Effects of Mannanoligosaccharide Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Immunity, and Oxidative Status of Partridge Shank Chickens

“…So, an economically viable technique for producing MOS has yet to be identified and developed. Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch is an underutilized agricultural material with low commercial value in China where it is typically used as animal feed and as a gelling and thickening ingredient for human foods [23]. It has been recognized as a safe material according to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) [24].…”

“…The glucomannan from Amorphophallus konjac (KGM) and MOS from glucomannan consist of a linear chain of β-1,4-d-glucose and d-mannose. Structural studies of MOS from KGM revealed that it contains only glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 1:1.6 [23]. In addition, it was found that branching occurs at β-1,6- glucoses approximately three times for every 32 sugar residues [25].…”

Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates: A New Paradigm for Cranberry Bioactivity

“…The unique abilities of different microbes to degrade complex oligosaccharides with specific structural features, such as those of xyloglucans, results in the selection for specific sub-populations of bacteria within a given ecological niche, leading to different types of prebiotic effects for different types of compounds [110,111,162,164,165,[280][281][282]. Microorganisms may also work together to degrade specific carbohydrates with complex structures and the ability of a given microbial consortium to degrade a specific type of carbohydrate may depend on the presence and activity of multiple organisms capable of expressing different enzymes [111,166,280].…”