Release of Amino‐ or Carboxy‐Containing Compounds Triggered by HOCl: Application for Imaging and Drug Design

Abstract

The overproduction of HOCl is highly correlated with diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Whilst acting as a marker of these diseases, HOCl might also be used as an activator of prodrugs or drug delivery systems for the treatment of the corresponding disease. In this work, a new platform of HOCl probes has been developed that integrates detection, imaging, and therapeutic functions. The probes can detect HOCl, using both NIR emission and the naked eye in vitro, with high sensitivity and selectivity at ultralow concentrations (the detection limit is at the nanomolar level). Basal levels of HOCl can be imaged in HL‐60 cells without special stimulation. Moreover, the probes provided by this platform can rapidly release either amino‐ or carboxy‐containing compounds from prodrugs, during HOCl detection and imaging, to realize a therapeutic effect.

Phenoxazine‐based Near‐infrared Fluorescent Probes for the Specific Detection of Copper (II) Ions in Living Cells

“…This mainly attributed to the significant difference in fluorescence between the reduced and oxidized forms of MB. [10] Therefore, a series of probes (MB-N and MB-C, Scheme S1) based on MB scaffold was synthesized to investigate the response to Cu 2 + . Unfortunately, none of them showed quick response or high sensitivity towards Cu 2 + ( Figure S1).…”

“…Based on previous literatures, [10,11,12] a possible detection mechanism was proposed. Initially, Cu 2 + combined with the amide moiety from PZ-N to form a highly unstable fourmembered ring (Scheme 2).…”

Near infrared light‐induced disassembly of polymeric micelles based on methylene blue conjugated polyethylene glycol

“…22 Additionally, MB's fluorescence is quenched consequent to the chemical modifications at its 10-N site and becomes restored as the conjugated moiety is cleaved, which is attributed to the restoration of its initial optical properties. This paradigm has been widely utilized in the development of molecular probes that are responsive to various internal stimuli such as redox states, 21 fluoride ions, 23 hypochlorous acid, 24 tyrosinase, 22 and external stimuli such as NIR light. 20 Interestingly, the 10-N modification not only results in a significant change in optical properties but also changes in the molecule's hydrophobicity.…”

FerriIridium: A Lysosome‐Targeting Iron(III)‐Activated Iridium(III) Prodrug for Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer Cells

“…[1] In recent years,new prodrugs that are activated by the tumor microenvironment have been developed. Important examples include those which are based on nitro [2] or azo groups, [3] which act efficiently in the hypoxic environment commonly found in solid tumors.Other prodrugs with glutathione-responsive, [4] H 2 O 2 -mediated release, [5] pH-triggered, [6] or HOCl-and formaldehyde-triggered mechanisms, [7] have also been reported. Many studies show apositive correlation between iron storage and the risk of cancer, including colorectal, liver, kidney,l ung,a nd stomach cancers.…”