Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population

An Evaluation of the Buffering Effects of Types and Sources of Support on Depressive Symptoms Among Natural Disaster–Exposed Chinese Adults

“…Each of the items were summed such that the greater the score indicated greater depression symptom severity. High internal consistency reliability was obtained for this scale (α = 0.86) among general population in China (Wang et al, 2014) and in this study α=0.86.…”

Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for DSM-IV major depressive disorder in a sample of Canadian working population

“…The salient implication is that PHQ-9 used in psychiatric specialties might be suitable for screening purposes with the threshold of 10 for MDD, but not for diagnostic purposes (Inoue et al, 2012). Previous studies in India, China and South Korea have shown that the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9 ranged from 0.80 to 0.93, and from 0.75 to 0.86, respectively, at the cutoff point of 5 (Wang et al, 2014;Han et al, 2008;Poongothai et al, 2009). However, in this study, if we chose 5 as the cutoff point, specificity was only 75.56% which was totally useless for population screening.…”

“…In previous studies, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) (Martin et al, 2006;Han et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2014) were used as the "gold standard" among general population. However, the MINI itself is a screening instrument as well and the CES-D is a dimensional rating scale for depression.…”

Association of sleep duration with sleep disturbances, quality of life, and sociodemographic factors in general hospital outpatients

“…To measure expected and actual TST in the preceding month, the respective two questions were asked: “How many hours of sleep per night do you think you need?” and “How many hours did you sleep each night on average?” As there is no gold standard definition of short, medium, and long sleep duration, the Heslop et al.’s criteria (short sleep, <7 h per day; long sleep, >8 h per day; and medium sleep, 7–8 h per day) were selected in line with other studies . The 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) was used to identify and measure the presence and severity of depressive symptoms while the 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD‐7) identified and measured the presence and severity of anxiety . The 12‐item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‐12) was used to assess physical and mental QOL .…”