Reliable and low-voltage electrowetting on thin parylene films

Dhindsa,; Kuiper, S.; Kumar, R.; Heikenfeld, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2010.12.094

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Parylene C (chlorinated) and Parylene HT (fluorinated) were the two options used for the dielectric. Parylene C was vapor deposited with a Specialty Coating Systems 2010 lab coater, whereas for Parylene HT ITO-coated glass slides were sent to Specialty Coating Systems (Indianapolis, USA) for coating [29]. Cytonix Fluoropel 1601V and Asahi Cytop 809M (1wt% solution in fluorosolvent Ct. Solv.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of the Invariance of Electrowetting Contact Angle Saturation

Chevalliot¹,

Dhindsa

Kuiper

et al. 2012

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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Basic electrowetting theory predicts that a continued increase in applied voltage will allow contact angle modulation to zero degrees. In practice, the effect of contact angle saturation has always been observed to limit the contact angle modulation, often only down to a contact angle of 60 to 70°. The physical origins of contact angle saturation have not yet been explained successfully and unequivocally. At best, scientists have produced multiple disconnected hypotheses (droplet ejection, charge injection, a thermodynamic limit, etc.) that do not satisfactorily hold for the large body of electrowetting experimental results. Herein we experimentally demonstrate that when using DC voltage, electrowetting contact angle saturation is invariant with electric field,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of the Invariance of Electrowetting Contact Angle Saturation

Chevalliot¹,

Dhindsa

Kuiper

et al. 2012

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

Self Cite

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“…The arrangement represents two capacitors in series with the water droplet as one electrode of each capacitor. Both capacitors consist of the water droplet, a 3.5 m thick Parylene C layer each (from SCS coatings, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) [47][48][49] as the dielectric layer, and two structured ITO contact layers each, such that there are two front (1a, 1b in Figure 2) and two rear ITO structures (2a, 2b in Figure 2). The sub-and the superstrate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, as 1.1 mm thick glass slides covered with a 20 nm thick ITO film.…”

Section: Device Layout Materials and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Optical Shutter Flexibly x-y Actuated via Electrowetting-on-Dielectrics with <20 ms Response Time

Fouckhardt

Strassner

Heisel

et al. 2017

Advances in Optical Technologies

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Tunable microoptics deals with devices of which the optical properties can be changed during operation without mechanically moving solid parts. Often a droplet is actuated instead, and thus tunable microoptics is closely related to microfluidics. One such device/module/cell type is an optical shutter, which is moved in or out of the path of the light. In our case the transmitting part comprises a moving transparent and electrically conductive water droplet, embedded in a nonconductive blackened oil, that is, an opaque emulsion with attenuation of 30 dB at 570 nm wavelength over the 250 m long light path inside the fluid (15 dB averaged over the visible spectral range). The insertion loss of the cell is 1.5 dB in the "open shutter" state. The actuation is achieved via electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD) with rectangular AC voltage pulses of 2 ⋅ 90 V peak-to-peak at 1 kHz. To flexibly allow for horizontal, vertical, and diagonal droplet movement in the upright x-y plane, the contact structures are prepared such that four possible stationary droplet positions exist. The cell is configured as two capacitors in series (along the axis), such that EWOD forces act symmetrically in the front and back of the 60 nl droplet with a response time of <20 ms.

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“…Wires that connect to electrodes on the 3-phase buses must span the entire array, essentially blocking the ability of other wires to escape from the perimeter on the same PCB layer. To eliminate this problem for the pin-optimized version, we removed the two side buses and use separate three-phase buses (Pins 1-3, [4][5][6][7][8][9] to control the three remaining buses, as shown in Fig. 7(a).…”

Section: B Co-optimizing Pin Assignment and Wire Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We do not consider the cost of circuitry to amplify the voltage produced by the microcontroller to levels appropriate to drive the DMFB. Typical actuation voltages are in the 50-70 V range [28], [30]; low voltage devices that operate at ∼15 V have also been reported [9], [26] …”

Section: A Wire Routing Cost Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Field-Programmable Pin-Constrained Digital Microfluidic Biochip

Grissom

McDaniel

Brisk

2014

IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst.

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Abstract-This paper introduces a field-programmable pinconstrained digital microfluidic biochip (FPPC-DMFB), which offers general-purpose assay execution at a lower cost than general-purpose direct addressing DMFBs and highly optimized application-specific pin-constrained DMFBs. One of the key cost drivers for DMFBs is the number of printed circuit board (PCB) layers, onto which the device is mounted. We demonstrate a scalable single-layer PCB wiring scheme for several FPPC-DMFB variations, for PCB technology with orthogonal routing capacity of at least three; for PCB technology with orthogonal capacity of two, more PCB layers are required, but the FPPC-DMFB retains its cost advantage. These results offer new insights on the relationship between PCB layer count, pin count, and cost. Additionally, to reduce the execution time of assays on the FPPC-DMFB, we present efficient algorithms for droplet routing, with and without contamination removal via wash droplets.Index Terms-Digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB), PCB escape routing, pin-constrained DMFB.

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Reliable and low-voltage electrowetting on thin parylene films

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental Validation of the Invariance of Electrowetting Contact Angle Saturation

Experimental Validation of the Invariance of Electrowetting Contact Angle Saturation

Microfluidic Optical Shutter Flexibly x-y Actuated via Electrowetting-on-Dielectrics with <20 ms Response Time

A Low-Cost Field-Programmable Pin-Constrained Digital Microfluidic Biochip

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