REM-sleep alterations in children with co-existence of tic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: impact of hypermotor symptoms

Abstract

Sleep in children with coexistence of TD + ADHD may be characterized by an elevated REM sleep drive. Common mechanisms are suggested to underpin hypermotor symptoms and REM sleep regulation.

Nonlinear analysis of actigraphic signals for the assessment of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

“…Several studies have analyzed the sleep patterns obtained by PSG with two aims: (1) to demonstrate the existence of statistically significative differences between patients diagnosed as ADHD and controls when sleeping [28] (even adding video to the PSG [56]) and (2) to assess the reliability of the PSG by comparing it with subjective methods [52,16]. Differences in the sleep pattern have also been described with PSG in [38,37,36]. • Infrared movement detection.…”

Pre-schoolers suffering from psychiatric disorders show increased cortisol secretion and poor sleep compared to healthy controls

“…To reconcile these apparently contradictory results. Kirov et al (2007 suggested the concept of bidirectional influences: given the relative importance of REM-sleep for elaborating procedural and emotional processes, it seems plausible that children suffering from ADHD and having adverse psychosocial experiences need even more REM-sleep for the elaboration of cognitive-emotional information. On the other hand, if REM-sleep is limited and the associated elaboration of cognitive-emotional processes is poor, children with ADHD are at increased risk of not sufficiently learning from their experiences and therefore at risk of repeating the same patterns of dysfunctional behavior in social contexts.…”

Sleep problems associated with ADHD: a review of current therapeutic options and recommendations for the future

“…As for Tourette's syndrome, available data suggest longer sleep period time, longer sleep latency, reduced sleep efficiency, prolonged wakefulness after sleep onset, more time awake and less sleep stage II, increased epochs with short arousal-related movements, increased frequency of sleepwalking, night terrors, trouble getting to sleep and early awakenings [49][50][51]. Interestingly, new data from Kirov et al have shown that sleep problems in ADHD plus tic comorbidity follow an additive model [50].…”

“…Interestingly, new data from Kirov et al have shown that sleep problems in ADHD plus tic comorbidity follow an additive model [50]. Moreover, clinical experience suggests that tiapride, which is used to reduce tics, has a positive effect on SOI without decreasing daytime vigilance in many children.…”