Removal of Bovine Insulin From Cow's Milk Formula and Early Initiation of Beta-Cell Autoimmunity in the FINDIA Pilot Study

Vaarala, Outi; Ilonen, Jorma; Ruohtula, Terhi; Pesola, Jouni; Virtanen, Suvi Μ.; Härkönen, Taina; Koski, Matti; Kallioinen, Harri; Tossavainen, Olli; Poussa, Tuija; Järvenpää, Anna‐Liisa; Komulainen, Jorma; Lounamaa, R; Åkerblom, Hans K.; Knip, Mikael

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1559

Cited by 110 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Looking at the other side of the coin, cow's milk consumption (measured as the quantity consumed) during infancy and childhood was related to increased risk of islet autoimmunity and/or type 1 diabetes in several prospective cohort series [17,[21][22][23][24]. The cause is unknown and several components in milk may be involved [25][26][27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid status in infancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity

et al. 2017

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid status in infancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity

et al. 2017

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“…In practice, confounding can only be controlled in randomised (experimental) studies, but such studies often suffer from selection bias, limited sample size and limited contrast in exposure, resulting in low statistical power. Not all exposures can be randomised for ethical or practical reasons, but many can -although some ingenuity may be required [99][100][101]. We are not aware of on-going randomised studies of prenatal factors powered to investigate effects on islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes.…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The prenatal environment and type 1 diabetes

Stene

Gale

2013

Diabetologia

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“…In the TRIGR pilot study, the children were randomized to receive ordinary cow's milk formula or hydrolyzed casein-based formula [33]. In the FINDIA pilot study, the children received hydrolyzed whey-based formula or insulin-free whey-based formula, as test formula during the first 6 to 8 months of age [34]. We matched cases and controls for formula feeding history to avoid the well-known factors that modulate the composition of intestinal microbiota, i.e.…”

Section: Less Diversity and Abundance Of Bacter-oidetes In Human Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes

Vaarala¹

2012

Rev Diabet Stud

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■ AbstractThe gut immune system has a key role in the development of autoimmune diabetes, and factors that control the gut immune system are also regulators of beta-cell autoimmunity. Gut microbiota modulate the function of the gut immune system by their effect on the innate immune system, such as the intestinal epithelial cells and dendritic cells, and on the adaptive immune system, in particular intestinal T cells. Due to the immunological link between gut and pancreas, e.g. the shared lymphocyte homing receptors, the immunological changes in the gut are reflected in the pancreas. According to animal studies, changes in gut microbiota alter the development of autoimmune diabetes. This has been demonstrated by antibiotics that induce changes in the gut microbiota. Furthermore, gut-colonizing microbes may modify the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in animal models. Deficient toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, mediating microbial stimulus in immune cells, prevents autoimmune diabetes, which appears to be dependent on alterations in the intestinal microbiota. Although few studies have been conducted in humans, recent studies suggest that the abundance of Bacteroides and lack of butyrate-producing bacteria in fecal microbiota are associated with beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. It is possible that altered gut microbiota are associated with immunological aberrancies in type 1 diabetes. The changes in gut microbiota could lead to alterations in the gut immune system, such as increased gut permeability, small intestinal inflammation, and impaired tolerance to food antigens, all of which are observed in type 1 diabetes. Poor fitness of gut microbiota could explain why children who develop type 1 diabetes are prone to enterovirus infections, and do not develop tolerance to cow milk antigens. These candidate risk factors of type 1 diabetes may imply an increased risk of type 1 diabetes due to the presence of gut microbiota that do not support health. Despite the complex interaction of microbiota, host, environment, and disease mechanisms, gut microbiota are promising novel targets in the prevention of type 1 diabetes.

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Removal of Bovine Insulin From Cow's Milk Formula and Early Initiation of Beta-Cell Autoimmunity in the FINDIA Pilot Study

Abstract: To test whether weaning to a bovine insulinfree cow's milk formula (CMF) reduces type 1 diabetes mellitus-associated autoantibodies in children at genetic risk.

Cited by 110 publications

References 43 publications

Fatty acid status in infancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity

Fatty acid status in infancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity

The prenatal environment and type 1 diabetes

Gut Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes

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