Removal of chloride from water and wastewater: Removal mechanisms and recent trends

Li, Yiming; Yang, Zhongzhu; Yang, Kun; Wei, Jingjing; Li, Zihao; Ma, Chi; Xu, Yang; Wang, Tantan; Zeng, Guangming; Yu, Guanlong; Yu, Zhigang; Zhang, Chang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153174

Cited by 77 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Chloride precipitation can occur in the form of CuCl or AgCl. Oxidation can be accomplished by ozone or by electrochemical methods Adsorbents and ion exchangers can also be used [ 56 ]. Regarding membrane processes for the removal of salts (such as chlorides), electrodialysis and reverse osmosis are possible techniques [ 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas

et al. 2023

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Currently, freshwater scarcity is one of the main issues that the world population has to face. To address this issue, new wastewater treatment technologies have been developed such as membrane processes. Among them, due to the energy disadvantages of pressure-driven membrane processes, Forward Osmosis (FO) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) have been introduced as promising alternatives. In this study, the behavior of a 2.3 m2 tubular membrane TFO-D90 when working with municipal wastewater has been studied. Its performances have been evaluated and compared in two operating modes such as FO and LPRO. Parameters such as fouling, flow rates, water flux, draw solution concentration, organic matter concentration, as well as its recovery have been studied. In addition, the biogas production capacity has been evaluated with the concentrated municipal wastewater obtained from each process. The results of this study indicate that the membrane can work in both processes (FO and LPRO) but, from the energy and productivity point of view, FO is considered more appropriate mainly due to its lower fouling level. This research may offer a new point of view on low-energy and energy recovery wastewater treatment and the applicability of FO and LPRO for wastewater concentration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas

et al. 2023

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“…In order to minimize the detrimental impacts of extreme NaCl concentrations and pH levels in textile effluents on both ecological systems and human health, it has been necessary to adopt pollution control measures. Regarding the excess NaCl, advanced treatment technologies, such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical, diffusion dialysis, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis, could be used to remove salt from textile effluent prior to discharge (Li et al, 2022; Van der Bruggen et al, 2017). These technologies have been shown to effectively remove salts and other pollutants from the effluent, producing clean water that could be reused in textile manufacturing processes or safely discharged into the environment (Bes-Piá et al, 2005; Fersi et al, 2005; Lafi et al, 2018; Parlar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological response surface analysis of salt and pH in textile effluent on Bacillus subtilis and Lactuca sativa

Mainardi,

Bidoia

2023

Toxicol Ind Health

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Textile effluents, although their composition can vary considerably, typically contain high levels of dissolved salts and exhibit wide variations in pH. Ecotoxicological studies regarding the effects of these parameters, however, have been limited owing to the need for sensitive and easy-to-handle bioindicators that require low amounts of sampling, are cost-effective, time-efficient, and ethically endorsed. This kind of study, additionally, demands robust multi-factorial statistical designs that can accurately characterize the individual and combined relationship between variables. In this research, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to calculate the individual and interaction effects of NaCl concentration and pH value of a Simulated Textile Effluent (STE) on the development rate (DR) of the bioindicators: Bacillus subtilis bacteria and Lactuca sativa lettuce. The results demonstrated that the bioindicators were sensitive to both NaCl and pH factors, where the relative sensitivity relationship was B. subtilis > L. sativa. The quadratic equations generated in the experiments indicated that increased concentrations of 50-250 mg L−1 of NaCl caused a perturbance of 1.40%–34.40% on the DR of B. subtilis and 0.50%–12.30% on L. sativa. The pH factor at values of 3–11 caused an alteration of 27.00%–64.78% on the DR of the B. subtilis and 51.37%–37.37% on the L. sativa. These findings suggest that the selected bioindicators could serve as effective tools to assess the ecotoxicological effects of textile effluents on different ecological systems, and the RSM was an excellent tool to consider the ecotoxicological effects of the parameters and to describe the behavior of the results. In conclusion, the NaCl and pH factors may be responsible for disrupting different ecosystems, causing imbalances in their biodiversity and biomass. Before discharge or reuse, it is suggested to remove salts and neutralize pH from textile effluents and, mostly, develop novel, eco-friendlier textile processing techniques.

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“…As can be seen from this diagram, the highest indicator for chloride anions in groundwater was observed in well B48-1-07 (190594.3 mg/l). If we compare the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of chloride anion (350 mg/l) in drinking water, this indicator exceeds 534 times [15]. The lowest indicator was observed in the well B48-1-04 (100 495.2 mg/l or 287 MPC).…”

Section: Figure 2 the Content Of Chloride Anions In The Groundwater W...mentioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical Analysis of Groundwater and Wastewater in the Area of the Tengiz Deposit of the Atyrau Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Nursaule¹,

Yessenamanova²,

Kossarbay³

et al. 2022

IJDNE

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This article analyzes the content of the chemical composition of groundwater and wastewater of the Tengiz deposit located in the Zhyloy district of Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This analysis is necessary to determine the deposition of inorganic salts in oilfield equipment. The analysis shows that the content of chloride anions and magnesium cations prevails in groundwater and wastewater. Thus, the content of chloride anions exceeds the content of other anions up to 2-3 times of sulfate anions in groundwater and wastewater and up to 2.5-5 times of bicarbonate anions in groundwater and 17-27 times in wastewater. Among the cations, the maximum values are characteristic of magnesium cations, whose content exceeds the calcium content by more than 3.5 times in wastewater and more than 6.5 times in groundwater. In addition, the magnesium content exceeds more than 5 times the content of the sum of sodium and potassium ions. Thus, according to the results of the study, it was determined that the main salts affecting the oilfield equipment at the Tengiz field are magnesium chloride salts.

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Removal of chloride from water and wastewater: Removal mechanisms and recent trends

Cited by 77 publications

References 144 publications

Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas

Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas

Ecotoxicological response surface analysis of salt and pH in textile effluent on Bacillus subtilis and Lactuca sativa

Chemical Analysis of Groundwater and Wastewater in the Area of the Tengiz Deposit of the Atyrau Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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