Removal of Hardness in Wastewater Effluent Using Membrane Filtration

Dudziak, Mariusz; Kudlek, Edyta

doi:10.21307/acee-2019-030

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Te presence of high TH in the KS site is attributed to the presence of dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium from urban efuent discharge into the waterways. Te fnding is similar to the results reported by Dudziak and Kudlek [46], who reported the high Ca and Mg content and water hardness due to discharge of wastewater efuent from the urban area. Both wet and dry season water hardness of all the sites was below the permissible limit of ES (300 mg/l) and the WHO (300 mg/l).…”

Section: Total Hardness (Th)supporting

confidence: 90%

Spatial-Temporal Dynamics in Potable Water Quality: A Case Study of Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest, Ethiopia

Tadesse

Dananto

Kassà

et al. 2023

Journal of Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surface water is one of the sources of global potable water. However, the quality of surface water has been degrading due to an increase in human activities. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability in drinking water physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics from the different sources in Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia. The physico-chemical characteristics of water at the Kosokol site were found to be statistically different ( p < 0.05 ) from the other sites (Gacheb, Tsit, Reservoir 1, and Reservoir 2 sites). The dry and wet season temperature (27.1 and 23.8°C), turbidity (37.4 and 54.8 NTU), pH (7.6 and 8.1), biological oxygen demand (18.1 and 20.7 mg/l), phosphate (2.4 and 3.5 mg/l), and ammonia (2.2 and 4.8 mg/l) of the water were beyond the acceptable limit set for drinking water by both Ethiopian standards (temperature: <15°C; turbidity: 7 NTU; pH: 6.5–8.5; BOD: 10 mg/l; phosphate: 0.02 mg/l; and ammonia: 1.5 mg/l) and the WHO standards (temperature: <15°C; turbidity: 5 NT U; pH: 6.5–8.5; BOD: 5 mg/l; phosphate: 0.01 mg/l; and ammonia: 1.5 mg/l). The total coliform (366.5 and 494.3 CFU/100 ml) and fecal coliform (209.5 and 278.3 CFU/100 ml) contents of the water in the dry and wet seasons are beyond the acceptable limits for drinking water by Ethiopian standards (total and fecal coliform: 0) and the WHO standards (total and fecal coliform: 0). The physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the water in the wet season were found significantly higher than those ( p < 0.05 ) in the dry season. In general, the water quality changes on a spatial and temporal basis in the study area. Thus, it is important to encourage water quality management works at the upper source sites of the catchment. Furthermore, the city water authority should reinforce safeguarding treatment processes, continuous monitoring of water quality as well as risk assessment and management practices.

show abstract

Section: Total Hardness (Th)supporting

confidence: 90%

Spatial-Temporal Dynamics in Potable Water Quality: A Case Study of Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest, Ethiopia

Tadesse

Dananto

Kassà

et al. 2023

Journal of Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it is an important research aspect in the field of water recovery. During the study, there was a decrease in Total hardness and it may be attributed to membrane filtration, including nanofiltration and reverse osmosis (Dudziak and Kudlek, 2019) Wastewater temperatures normally range between 10 and 20 0 C. Depending on the geographic location, the mean annual temperature of wastewater varies. The temperature of the water is a very important parameter because of its effect on chemical reactions and reaction rates, aquatic life, and the suitability of the water for beneficial uses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Performance of a Sewage Treatment Plant in Habbak, Srinagar: A Physicochemical Analysis

Jan¹,

Chashoo²,

Amin³

et al. 2022

J. Zoo Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A study was carried out to assess the physicochemical profile of one of the sewage treatment plants in the Habak region of Srinagar city. The water samples from the inlet and outlet of the plant were analyzed for various limnological parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, orthophosphate etc. The average water temperature recorded at the outlet and inlet ranged between 16.56 to 18.03oC, free carbon dioxide between 50.06 to 78.03 mg/l, alkalinity between 328 to 389 mg/l, calcium hardness between 83.41 to 85.12 mg/l, magnesium hardness between 614.58 to 783.53 mg/l, orthophosphate between 503.56 to 650μg/l respectively. The dissolved oxygen content at the inlet was found to be zero during all times in the study while the average value at the outlet was found to be 5.2 mg/l. All the parameters were found to be non-significant except for water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total hardness.

show abstract

“…The concentrations of Ca 2+ (1.5–3 mmol L −1 ) and PO 4 3− (0.1 mmol L −1 ) used during the experiments represent the values found in WWTP effluent [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The concentration of SA that was previously used to simulate the concentration of organic substances in non-treated domestic wastewater is approximately 0.8 g L −1 [ 27 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Softening with Ceramic Micro-Filtration for Application on Water Reclamation for Industrial Recirculating Cooling Systems

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a global need for optimizing the use of water that has resulted from increased demand due to industrial development, population growth, climate change and the pollution of natural water resources. One of the solutions is to use reclaimed water in industrial applications that do not require water of potable quality, such as cooling water. However, for cooling water, (treated) wastewater’s hardness is too high, apart from having a high load of suspended solids and organic matter. Therefore, a combination of softening with ceramic micro-filtration was proposed for treating wastewater treatment effluent containing fouling agents for potential use in industrial cooling systems. The effectiveness of the softening process on model-treated wastewater with calcium hydroxide in the presence of phosphate and sodium alginate was first evaluated using jar tests. Furthermore, membrane fouling was studied when filtering the softened water. The results showed that the inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation occurred when inorganic substances, such as phosphate and organic compounds, were present in the water. The fouling of the membranes due to sodium alginate in water was only slightly negatively affected when combined with softening and phosphate. Therefore, this combination of treatments could be potentially helpful for the post-treatment of secondary effluent for cooling systems.

show abstract

Removal of Hardness in Wastewater Effluent Using Membrane Filtration

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial-Temporal Dynamics in Potable Water Quality: A Case Study of Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest, Ethiopia

Spatial-Temporal Dynamics in Potable Water Quality: A Case Study of Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest, Ethiopia

Assessing the Performance of a Sewage Treatment Plant in Habbak, Srinagar: A Physicochemical Analysis

Softening with Ceramic Micro-Filtration for Application on Water Reclamation for Industrial Recirculating Cooling Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About