Removal of Iron and Manganese from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) using Activated Clinoptilolite Zeolite

Abstract

The adsorption capacity of activated clinoptilolite zeolite for the removal of heavy metal ions; iron Fe(III) and manganese Mn(II) from palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated in this batch sorption study. The physicochemical properties of both raw clinoptilolite zeolite and POME effluent were first characterized before the modification of the zeolite is made, chemically and physically. The raw filtered POME has an initial pH of 4.56 which was acidic, whereas the natural zeolite has a slightly alkaline pH at 7.52. The effects of pH (5, 7 and 9), sorbent dosage (15, 20 and 25 g in 125 ml of effluent), contact time (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 150, 180 and 200 minutes) and agitation speed (120, 150, 180 and 200 rpm) on the sorption of heavy metal ions were evaluated. The concentration of heavy metals was analyzed using AAS. The concentration of heavy metal ions for each parameter has decreased significantly after batch study. The adsorption of heavy metal ions increased with the increasing of pH and adsorbent dosages. Optimum percentage of metal removal and the amount of metal ions adsorbed by the zeolite were determined at 85% of Fe(III) and almost 92% of Mn(II) in the experiments.

Experimental and Modeling Study on the Removal of Mn, Fe, and Zn from Fiberboard Industrial Wastewater Using Modified Activated Carbon

“…Briefly, it can be observed that removal patterns for all the adsorbents increased as the pH of the water sample was increased, until the optimum pH was 8. This was due to the deprotonation of oxygen functional groups, which increased the active sites for heavy metal ions chelation and significantly increased the AC adsorption capacity [63]. The results also show that the different metal ions in the solution have different competitive adsorption effects [37].…”

Synthesis and characterization of ground biochar (GB) reinforced composites for removal of heavy metal from palm oil mill effluent (POME)

“…Furthermore, the repulsion between free metal ions in POME and adsorbed ions reduced additional heavy metal adsorption (Taha et al 2016). Other factors that affect the elimination of contaminants from POME are such as contact time (Aziz et al 2021), agitation speed (AlMoharbi et al 2019, and initial pH (Abbar et al 2017;Khamis and Jalil 2021). Similar to Ng et al (2019), the presence of high levels of organic compounds and suspended solids in the POME resulted in increased turbidity and an unpleasant dark colour solution.…”