Removal of Nickel and Silver Ions Using Eggshells with Membrane, Eggshell Membrane, and Eggshells

Abstract

IntroductionThe removal of toxic and heavy metals from wastewater is a matter of great interest in the field of water management. Recently, removal of heavy metal ions from industrial waste effluents has become more challenging due to the implementation of stricter laws and regulations to restrict the concentration of pollutants discharged into waters and soil to less than 1 mg/kg. Traditional methods of metal ion removal become inefficient at eliminating metal ions below this concentration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative ways to feasibly remove ion pollutants to reach the required low concentration (Yang, et al., 2009). One possible approach is to use sorbents of biological origin to remove toxic metals from dilute aqueous solutions. Biological sorbents generated from food and agricultural industry waste, such as waste eggshells and its derivatives, are considered to be an economical source. If low-cost biological sorbents can be used in the wastewater pre-treatment process, the overall management cost will be reduced significantly (Chojnacka, 2005). Moreover, it is a 'green' approach as these sorbents are generally biodegradable and hence, more environmentally friendly. Original paper Removal of Nickel and Silver Ions Using Eggshells with Membrane, Eggshell Membrane, and EggshellsNickel is a common, non-biodegradable toxic heavy metal ion present in wastewater. The main source of nickel pollution in the water derives from industrial production processes such as galvanization, smelting, mining, batteries manufacturing, and metal finishing. The presence and accumulation of nickel in industrial effluents is known to have toxic or carcinogenic effect on living species. Therefore, it is crucial to eliminate nickel ions from wastewaters. As an economical and efficient method, the adsorption technique has been widely applied to remove heavy metal ions such as nickel from wastewater (Yang et al., 2009).Different adsorbents such as activated carbon (Hasar, 2003), husk of Lathyrus sativus (Panda et al., 2007), olive stone waste (Fiol et al., 2006), bagasse and fly ash (Rao et al., 2002), mordenite (Wang et al., 2007) and crab shells (Pradhan et al., 2005) ion regulatory failure in crayfish and daphnids (Bianchini et al., 2003; Grosell et al., 2002). More recently, Ag + has been shown to impair neurodevelopment in neuronotypic cells (Power et al., 2010). Since silver is widely used in various industries due to its excellent malleability, conductivity, thermal conductivity, etc., sources for silver have become rarer as its future usage increases (Purcell et al., 1998). Its wide applications have produced a fair amount of silver waste. Therefore, effective removal and recovery of Ag + has also become a critical task.Hen eggshell waste is widely produced in households and food industries such as restaurants and bakeries. In this study, weproposed to use hen eggshells as a low-cost biological adsorbent of nickel and silver ions. Whole eggshells or eggshells with membrane (ESWM) consist of ...

Use of The Eggshells in Removing Heavy Metals from Waste Water - The Process Kinetics and Efficiency

“…Relatively highest effectiveness of Ni removal by SW ( Figs. 3 and 4) may be justified by, as mentioned before, the largest use of under shell membranes with very good sorption characteristics [34]. The process of hydroxides generation during the process of the studied metal cations removal is confirmed by the solutions pH measurements results.…”

“…For the initial metal cations concentrations c Cu = 60 mg/dm 3 (0.94 mmol/dm 3 ), c Cd = 60 mg/dm 3 (0.53 mmol/dm 3 ) and c Pb = 150 mg/dm 3 (0.72 mmol/dm 3 ), the removal effectiveness decreased to approximately 85, 21 and 79 %, respectively [33]. Detailed studies on the effectiveness of Ni and Ag cations removal from solutions, with the use of eggshells divided by shells with organic membrane, shells without membranes and membranes alone, demonstrated that the removal effectiveness decreases along with the increase of the initial concentration of metal cations in the solution [34]. Moreover, it was demonstrated that removal effectiveness depends on the contact time, the relation V/m, where: V -a solution volume, m -shells mass, a solution temperature and pH.…”

Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewaters: A Challenge from Current Treatment Methods to Nanotechnology Applications

“…Eggshells and their derivatives demonstrated a great potential for removing wastewater contaminated with nickel and silver ions. Comparing Eggshells and Eggshells with membrane, the values showed fast removal of Ni 2+ and Ag for Eggshell membrane [ 61 ]. Moreover, according to Park et al [ 62 ], the calcined eggshells showed a great potential for the adsorption of Cd 2+ and Cr while the natural eggshells enhanced the adsorption of Pb 2+ .…”

Amphiphilic Copolymer-Modified Eggshell-Based Column Packing Materials for the Preparative Separation of Basic Drugs

“…While some finds use in niche applications such as additive for animal feeds, most of it ends up in landfills resulting in environmental problems. , Eggshell waste is ranked 15th on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) list of food industry-caused pollution problems . Recently, to reduce the amount of eggshell waste going to landfills, its use as a filler in polymer matrix composites, as a chemical adsorbent in polluted water, and as a raw material for hydroxyapatite has been studied. − Developing alternative ways to utilize eggshells could contribute to reducing the amount of waste disposed of in landfills. Consequently, it could contribute to reducing the cost of eggshell disposal and the environmental impact.…”