This study shows that XG + 10 g kg(-1) GG and CF + 5 g kg(-1) GG could be used in LF mayonnaise formulations based on its multiple functions on processing properties.

IntroductionThe removal of toxic and heavy metals from wastewater is a matter of great interest in the field of water management. Recently, removal of heavy metal ions from industrial waste effluents has become more challenging due to the implementation of stricter laws and regulations to restrict the concentration of pollutants discharged into waters and soil to less than 1 mg/kg. Traditional methods of metal ion removal become inefficient at eliminating metal ions below this concentration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative ways to feasibly remove ion pollutants to reach the required low concentration (Yang, et al., 2009). One possible approach is to use sorbents of biological origin to remove toxic metals from dilute aqueous solutions. Biological sorbents generated from food and agricultural industry waste, such as waste eggshells and its derivatives, are considered to be an economical source. If low-cost biological sorbents can be used in the wastewater pre-treatment process, the overall management cost will be reduced significantly (Chojnacka, 2005). Moreover, it is a 'green' approach as these sorbents are generally biodegradable and hence, more environmentally friendly. Original paper Removal of Nickel and Silver Ions Using Eggshells with Membrane, Eggshell Membrane, and EggshellsNickel is a common, non-biodegradable toxic heavy metal ion present in wastewater. The main source of nickel pollution in the water derives from industrial production processes such as galvanization, smelting, mining, batteries manufacturing, and metal finishing. The presence and accumulation of nickel in industrial effluents is known to have toxic or carcinogenic effect on living species. Therefore, it is crucial to eliminate nickel ions from wastewaters. As an economical and efficient method, the adsorption technique has been widely applied to remove heavy metal ions such as nickel from wastewater (Yang et al., 2009).Different adsorbents such as activated carbon (Hasar, 2003), husk of Lathyrus sativus (Panda et al., 2007), olive stone waste (Fiol et al., 2006), bagasse and fly ash (Rao et al., 2002), mordenite (Wang et al., 2007) and crab shells (Pradhan et al., 2005) ion regulatory failure in crayfish and daphnids (Bianchini et al., 2003; Grosell et al., 2002). More recently, Ag + has been shown to impair neurodevelopment in neuronotypic cells (Power et al., 2010). Since silver is widely used in various industries due to its excellent malleability, conductivity, thermal conductivity, etc., sources for silver have become rarer as its future usage increases (Purcell et al., 1998). Its wide applications have produced a fair amount of silver waste. Therefore, effective removal and recovery of Ag + has also become a critical task.Hen eggshell waste is widely produced in households and food industries such as restaurants and bakeries. In this study, weproposed to use hen eggshells as a low-cost biological adsorbent of nickel and silver ions. Whole eggshells or eggshells with membrane (ESWM) consist of ...

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In this study, the effect of various heating temperatures (61–70 °C) and times (1–10 min) on physical and chemical properties of liquid egg yolk (LEY) and mayonnaise were investigated. Initially, we found that the increase of LEY protein denaturation was highly correlated with the increase of temperature and time, without causing either protein degradation or aggregation. In addition, the viscosity and particle size of LEY were significantly increased with greater heating temperature and time. Furthermore, the emulsification stability of mayonnaise prepared from thermally processed LEY were significantly better than that of the unheated control group, in particular, the emulsion stability of mayonnaise was higher at a temperature ranging from 62 °C to 68 °C, whereas the emulsion stability decreased above 69 °C. A rheological analysis showed that mayonnaise prepared from thermally processed LEY has higher shear stress when compared with the control group. Indeed, a sharp increase in the shear stress was observed when LEY was heated above 67 °C. Results from storage behavior analysis suggest that mayonnaise prepared from thermally processed LEY failed to affect the chemical qualities of mayonnaise, as evidenced by the fact that acid values and TBA values were not statistically significant with the unheated control group. Microscopic observation indicates that the number of complete oil droplets were significantly reduced at higher heating (70 °C/5 and 10 min) conditions. Finally, the sensory evaluation results suggest that mayonnaise prepared from thermally processed LEY does not influence the appearance, aroma, taste, greasy feeling, and overall acceptance of mayonnaise, as indicated by there being no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group (p > 0.05). We conclude from our study that a combination of heating conditions over 67 °C/5 min can allow the mayonnaise to retain better quality in terms of stability.

Peptides are fragments of fundamental protein sequences that may have health benefits in addition to basic dietary benefits. Recently, we have reported on the pharmacological benefits of alcalase potato protein hydrolysate (APPH) and bioactive peptides isolated from APPH. The aim was to evaluate the synergistic effect of exercise along with DIKTNKPVIF (DF) peptides in ameliorating hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) rats. We examined ECG parameters, lipid profiles, cardiac markers, and histology, and quantified the proteins associated with fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and longevity pathways. DF peptide administration, along with exercise, reduced the blood pressure and cardiac marker levels in serum. Furthermore, it also suppressed the expression of fibrosis markers COL1A1, CTGF, and uPA and downregulated cardiac-hypertrophy-associated markers such as calcineurin, NFATC3, GATA4, pGATA4 and BNP. Exercise synergistically increases the expression of IFG1, PI3K, and AKT cell-survival pathway proteins, along with DF administration. Moreover, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/FOXO3 pathway protein expression was increased with the combinatorial administration of DF and exercise. Our data suggest that exercise, along with DF peptides, act synergistically in alleviating hypertension by activating the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway.