2015
DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400754
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Removal of Palladium from Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Isocyanide Reagents

Abstract: Isocyanide reagents removed residual palladium from palladium‐catalyzed cross‐couplings, to sub‐ppm levels. The results were similar using either Pd(II) or Pd(0) precatalysts. Using the 3‐isocyanopropylated silica gel reagent 1, no chromatography or other treatments were required. The soluble isocyanide potassium isocyanoacetate (KO2CCH2NC) was also found to be highly effective when combined with silica gel chromatography.magnified image

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Cited by 13 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Indeed, the analogous “ligandless” protocol employing only PdCl 2 also gives the expected amide in satisfactory yield (Scheme ) . Isocyanides are extremely good ligands for both Pd 0 and Pd II , to the point that isocyanide‐functionalized silica gel has been recently proposed as an effective scavenger to reduce the Pd content of active pharmaceutical ingredients down to sub‐ppm levels . Thus, we expected that isocyanides play the role of both substrate and ligand in these transformations …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Indeed, the analogous “ligandless” protocol employing only PdCl 2 also gives the expected amide in satisfactory yield (Scheme ) . Isocyanides are extremely good ligands for both Pd 0 and Pd II , to the point that isocyanide‐functionalized silica gel has been recently proposed as an effective scavenger to reduce the Pd content of active pharmaceutical ingredients down to sub‐ppm levels . Thus, we expected that isocyanides play the role of both substrate and ligand in these transformations …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[10g] Isocyanides are extremelyg ood ligands for both Pd 0 and Pd II ,t ot he point that isocyanide-functionalized silica gel has been recently proposed as an effective scavenger to reduce the Pd content of active pharmaceutical ingredients down to sub-ppm levels. [11] Thus, we expected that isocyanides play the role of both substrate andl igand in these transformations. [12] When PPh 3 is used as al igand, one equivalenti sr eadily oxidized to OPPh 3 ,a long with the generation of Pd 0 ,a tr oom temperature in the presence of water and ab ase.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This has an impact on the pharmaceutical industry. When toxic metals are employed in drug synthesis, pharmaceutical companies have to make special effort to remove these metals from the final product in order to meet quality standards, e.g., chemically [9] or through the application of supported catalysts [10]. Such efforts are not necessary (or at least not as extensive) when iron is used as a reagent or catalyst.…”
Section: Abundance and Low Toxicitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Οι δυο κύριες κατηγορίες υγρής αποφλοίωσης του γραφίτη περιλαμβάνουν την κατεργασία μιγμάτων γραφίτη είτε σε οργανικούς διαλύτες είτε παρουσία επιφανειοδραστικών ενώσεων υπό την επίδραση υπερήχων όπως φαίνεται και στο Σχήμα 11. 36 [29] η συγκέντρωση στο διάλυμα της ουσίας που απορροφά (mol/L). 37 Vázquez, E. Chem.…”
Section: σύνθεση νανοδομών άνθρακαunclassified
“…Λόγω του προκαθορισμένου χρόνου ζωής της διεγερμένης κατάστασης, η εκπομπή είναι χρονικά καθυστερημένη σε σχέση με τον χρόνο διέγερσης. Η καθυστέρηση αυτή μετράται ως διαφορά φάσης (φ) και χρησιμοποιείται για τον υπολογισμό του χρόνου Πειραματικές Τεχνικές[36] κύκλωμα που παρέχει είτε ηλεκτρικό φορτίο, είτε διαφορά δυναμικού. Όπως ακριβώς οι μπαταρίες και τα κελιά καύσιμου μετατρέπουν την ενέργεια από τις χημικές αντιδράσεις σε ηλεκτρική ενέργεια, έτσι και στην ηλεκτροχημεία, η αντίστροφη διεργασία χρησιμοποιείται ώστε με την χρήση της ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας να λάβει…”
unclassified