Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water: Conventional and Alternative Treatments

Coimbra, Ricardo N.; Escapa, Carla; Otero, Marta

doi:10.3390/w13040487

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They have also been shown to bio-accumulate in fruits and vegetables [ 117 , 118 ]. Pharmaceuticals can be removed from water using a variety of traditional procedures, including physical, chemical, and biological treatments [ 119 ]. However, the majority of them are unable to remediate pharmaceuticals due to the low concentration of pharmaceuticals in water, which has resulted in the development of new and sophisticated treatment methods.…”

Section: Types Of Analytes Extractedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Subcritical Water Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Matrices

Yabalak,

Aminzai,

Gizir

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Most organic pollutants are serious environmental concerns globally due to their resistance to biological, chemical, and photolytic degradation. The vast array of uses of organic compounds in daily life causes a massive annual release of these substances into the air, water, and soil. Typical examples of these substances include pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Since they are persistent and hazardous in the environment, as well as bio-accumulative, sensitive and efficient extraction and detection techniques are required to estimate the level of pollution and assess the ecological consequences. A wide variety of extraction methods, including pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical water extraction, have been recently used for the extraction of organic pollutants from the environment. However, subcritical water has proven to be the most effective approach for the extraction of a wide range of organic pollutants from the environment. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the subcritical water extraction technique and its application to the extraction of PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and others form environmental matrices. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the influence of key extraction parameters, such as extraction time, pressure, and temperature, on extraction efficiency and recovery.

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Section: Types Of Analytes Extractedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Subcritical Water Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Matrices

Yabalak,

Aminzai,

Gizir

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…A água é uma preocupação mundial, notadamente em relação ao seu acesso, quantidade e qualidade. Ainda convive-se com a transmissão de doenças através da água e com as externalidades causadas pela contaminação desse precioso líquido (GEVORGYAN et al, 2021;JIMÉNEZ-OYOLA et al, 2021;COIMBRA;ESCAPA;OTERO et al, 2021;WANG et al, 2021;CARLES et al, 2021).…”

Section: O Status Jurídico Da áGuaunclassified

O ataque a fontes de água como crime de guerra: análise no âmbito do Tribunal Penal Internacional

2022

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O artigo proposto traz uma análise da água como um direito humano, sob a perspectiva do direito penal internacional, considerando a existência de casos em que ataques sistemáticos a fontes de água são utilizados como uma estratégia de guerra em conflitos armados. Uma vez que aquíferos são contaminados, a população daquela região fica vulnerável, causando um grande problema humanitário. Assim, a pesquisa procura avaliar se ataques a fontes de água durante conflitos armados podem ser considerados um crime de guerra, dentro dos parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Estatuto de Roma. Para isso, é feito um estudo do caso de Darfur, no Sudão, julgado pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI), onde há evidências de que tanques de água foram propositalmente contaminados pelo governo, por ordem do ex-presidente Omar Al Bashir, para combater ataques de tropas rebeldes. Também é feito um estudo sobre o Estatuto de Roma, e sua definição de crimes de guerra, como forma de verificar se ataques voltados ao meio ambiente estão dentro do escopo penal do Estatuto. O método utilizado é o dedutivo aplicado a uma pesquisa qualitativa, feita por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico, com análise de artigos científicos e livros, além de fontes documentais. A pesquisa baseia-se em um estudo de caso concreto, referente à demanda da Procuradoria do TPI contra Omar Al Bashir. Apesar do TPI ser competente para julgar esse tipo de crime, isso não ocorre de forma eficaz.

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“…A review of EU CD91/271/EEC (1998) denotes no stated limits or treatment standards for the removal of antibiotics. As stated by Coimbra et al (2021), WWTPs are not designed to treat this source of pollutants, and the non-existence of discharge standards for pharmaceuticals is the catalyst for their proliferation. Therefore, WWTPs are not currently equipped to effectively remove or acceptingly lower the concentrations of antibiotics from the effluent (Pazda et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Method to Reduce Vancomycin Concentrations in Water Using Timber Waste

Delmond¹,

Tretsiakova-McNally²,

Solan³

et al. 2023

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Emerging contaminants are becoming a significant challenge for modern society. Antibiotic resistance is notably among the most urgent public health concerns, and it is well recognised that the problem often originates from wastewater treatment facilities. In developed countries, where affordable and specified, activated carbon can be used as an efficient adsorbent of antibiotic residues present in wastewaters. However, this method is associated with high production and reactivation costs and has a significant carbon footprint. Research at Ulster University proposes a more sustainable and cost-effective solution to this problem. The technique involves the application of modified sawdust waste to treated effluent, reducing tertiary antibiotic contamination. The sawdust used in the current study was from two sources: ash or a mixture of tree species. These materials, in unmodified and modified forms, were applied as the adsorbents in model systems containing vancomycin (antibiotic) dissolved in distilled water at concentrations ranging between 30 and 150 mg/L. It was found that such adsorbents are highly efficient at removing vancomycin from contaminated waters. Antibiotic removal levels reached 63.0% (σ = 2.3%) for the modified mixed sawdust and 56.6% (σ = 5.1%) for the modified ash sawdust. Post-treatment, the sawdust can undergo a thermal conversion for energy production. The preliminary findings of this scoping work indicate the feasibility of converting sawdust waste into a novel means for wastewater treatment systems capable of dealing with antibiotic pollutants. The simplicity of the method offers many developing and developed economies, a sustainable means of managing this dangerous emerging problem.

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Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water: Conventional and Alternative Treatments

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

A Review: Subcritical Water Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Matrices

A Review: Subcritical Water Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Matrices

O ataque a fontes de água como crime de guerra: análise no âmbito do Tribunal Penal Internacional

A Sustainable Method to Reduce Vancomycin Concentrations in Water Using Timber Waste

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