Renal gluconeogenesis in acidosis, alkalosis, and potassium deficiency: its possible role in regulation of renal ammonia production.

Goodman, A. David; Fuisz, Robert E.; Cahill, George F.

doi:10.1172/jci105375

Cited by 220 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our data are consistent with earlier in vivo human studies that indicated that net renal glucose output is increased during fasting (35) and in acidosis (36) despite reduced substrate availability, and our data lend further support to the hypothesis that hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis are regulated by common neurohormonal regulation. Of additional interest, however, is the fact that, because renal glutamine gluconeogenesis is invariably accompanied by ammonia formation (which facilitates acid excretion and restores bicarbonate) (37), the possibility that glutamine gluconeogenesis is driven by mechanisms involved in pH regulation during hypoglycemia cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Renal substrate metabolism and gluconeogenesis during hypoglycemia in humans.

2000

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To examine the potential contribution of precursor substrates to renal gluconeogenesis during hypoglycemia, 14 healthy subjects had arterialized hand vein and renal vein (under fluoroscopy) catheterized after an overnight fast. Net renal balance of lactate, glycerol, alanine, and glutamine was determined simultaneously with systemic and renal glucose kinetics using arteriovenous concentration differences and 6-[ ) during hypoglycemia versus euglycemia (P < 0.05) could account for nearly 60% of all glucose carbons released in the renal vein during hypoglycemia. Our data indicate that extraction of circulating gluconeogenic precursors by the kidney is enhanced and responsible for a substantial fraction of the compensatory rise in RGP during sustained hypoglycemia. Increased renal gluconeogenesis from circulating substrates represents an additional physiological mechanism by which the decrease in blood glucose concentration is attenuated in humans. Diabetes

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Renal substrate metabolism and gluconeogenesis during hypoglycemia in humans.

2000

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“…That interpretation was advanced in earlier investigations showing that in both organs during starvation and diabetes [32,33] and in kidney during metabolic acidosis [34,35] and experimental impairment of liver function by galactosamine or CC14 [3 -51 gluconeogenesis from lactate or pyruvate [26,36,37] and the level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [16,38 -401 were altered in parallel. Also the metabolite crossover pattern observed during glucagon treatment in liver [41] and during metabolic acidosis in kidney [42] is consistent with a regulation of gluconeogenesis at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reaction.…”

Section: Increased Gluconeogenesis After Partial Hepatectomysupporting

confidence: 77%

Correlation between Rates and Enzyme Levels of Increased Gluconeogenesis in Rat Liver and Kidney after Partial Hepatectomy

Katz

1979

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The metabolic rates and key enzymes of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis were determined and correlated in perfused livers, isolated hepatocyte suspensions and kidney cortex slices of rats after two-thirds hepatectomy. Fed unoperated, sham operated and fasted animals served as controls.In liver the following results were obtained. In kidney cortex the following results were obtained. Firstly, after partial hepatectomy gluconeogenesis from lactate was enhanced in tissue slices to 217 % after 24 h. Gluconeogenesis from fructose was unchanged. These rates coincided with an increase of the level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to 193 % and of glucose-6-phosphatase to 151 %. Secondly, after a 24-h fast similar changes for the gluconeogenic rate to 200 % and of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to 240 % as well as of glucose-6-phosphatase to 136 % were observed. Thirdly, neither the rates of glycolysis nor the levels of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were altered after partial hepatectomy or a 24-h fast. No significant changes neither in liver nor in kidney cortex occurred after sham operation. Thus the drastic reduction of liver tissue after partial hepatectomy was compensated by an increase of gluconeogenesis in the liver remnant and in kidney cortex, both accompanied by an enhancement of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase level, in order to maintain the glucose homeostasis.

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“…Inulin was determined in plasma and urine by the method of Wilson et al (1969) and PAH by the method of Harvey (1962). Inulin clearances (glomerular filtration rate) and PAH clearances were determined using the Fick principle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose production was increased in kidney cortex slices from rats and dogs which had previously been made acidotic by ammonium chloride ingestion (Goodman et al 1966; Goorno et al 1967; Kamm et al 1967). However, in vivo studies using anaesthetized dogs showed no net output of glucose by the kidney in control experiments, whereas a significant output was measured during acidosis (Steiner et al 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Function and Net Glucose Production in Normal and Acidotic Sheep

McIntosh¹,

Filsell²,

Jarrett³

1973

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Net glucose production and renal function were assessed simultaneously in normal sheep which were subsequently made acidotic by ammonium chloride administration. Arteriovenous differences in glucose concentration were measured, together with p-aminohippuric acid and inulin clearances in one kidney. In normal sheep there was a small net output of glucose by the kidney [20 Ilg min-1 (kg body weight)-l] which was increased threefold during acidosis. The increase was associated with an elevated venous-arterial difference in glucose concentration and a fall in renal blood flow, while glomerular filtration rate did not change. The increase in the proportion of blood being filtered indicates that there is a greater perfusion of the active zone of the cortex, which is the major site of glucose production in the kidney. This suggests that changed intrarenal events are associated with the physiological response of the kidney to altered acid-base status. The contribution by the kidneys to the overall glucose requirements in sheep, even during acidosis, is unlikely to be greater than 6%.

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Renal gluconeogenesis in acidosis, alkalosis, and potassium deficiency: its possible role in regulation of renal ammonia production.

Cited by 220 publications

References 19 publications

Renal substrate metabolism and gluconeogenesis during hypoglycemia in humans.

Renal substrate metabolism and gluconeogenesis during hypoglycemia in humans.

Correlation between Rates and Enzyme Levels of Increased Gluconeogenesis in Rat Liver and Kidney after Partial Hepatectomy

Kidney Function and Net Glucose Production in Normal and Acidotic Sheep

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