The 1990s witnessed a remarkable global experiment with the introduction of market-based reforms and the restructuring of the electricity sector. Australia established the National Electricity Market (NEM) on 13 December 1998 as a consequence of the restructuring and liberalisation of its electricity supply industry (ESI). One of the foremost objectives of wholesale electricity market reform in Australia, consistent with the electricity market reforms objectives in the European Union (EU), was to deepen competition in wholesale electricity trade and facilitate the fuller integration of the separate regional electricity markets into an efficient and integrated NEM. However, direct empirical evidence, based on econometric methods, as to whether the separate regional electricity markets in the NEM are fully integrated and well-functioning is missing. Empirical evidence on the role of direct interconnections and regional price linkages in achieving fuller integration of regional electricity markets into a NEM is also missing in the Australian context.This study aims to clarify to what extent the objective of creating an integrated NEM has been achieved since its establishment. Second, this paper adds to the limited number of studies analysing electricity market integration in island economies where the benefits of an integrated market are generally challenging because cross-border interconnections have, to date, been infeasible. Third, the empirical evidence on market integration can provide a significant additional input into the on-going policy debate concerning transmission investment strategies and network regulation arrangements across Australia. Furthermore, the impact of growing large scale trade of wholesale renewable power on the market integration outcomes of 'energy-only' markets has largely remained unexplored in the literature (Tangeras, 2015).We study market integration by obtaining a fuller understanding of the direct daily electricity spot pricing relationships (price convergence /divergence) between the interconnected regional electricity markets in the NEM. Price convergence (divergence) shows how strongly prices are related (unrelated) across similar markets and cointegration analyses can detect if the prices share a common long-run equilibrium (Johansen, 1995). However, cointegration is not very appropriate for studying a relatively new market that has an emergent connective structure and poised for the large scale uptake of wholesale renewable power. So, we also apply the Kalman filter methodology based on a state-space model that allows us to estimate time-varying coefficients (Kalman, 1960). A time-varying filtered coefficient indicates how strong pricing relationships are among the markets considered and gives us a guide to the level and development of market integration.