Report from the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) Tumor Biology Committee

Salgaller, Michael L.; Thurnher, Martin; Bartsch, Georg; Boynton, Alton L.; Murphy, Gerald P.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19991215)86:12<2674::aid-cncr12>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Doses of up to 1 ϫ 10 9 antigen-pulsed DC have been administered in cancer patients without occurrence of major side effects. Correlations between duration of immune response and numbers of administered DC have been seen in human and animal studies (15). It has remained a matter of debate whether DC derived from CD34 ϩ precursor cells or monocyte-derived DC should be preferentially used in clinical vaccination protocols.…”

Section: Dendritic Cell Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cell Therapy of Primary Brain Tumors

Söling

Rainov

2001

Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Although current treatment modalities for malignant gliomas, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, have been improved markedly in the past two decades, the prognosis of these neoplasms remains poor, the two year survival rate being approximately 5%. Therefore, alternative treatment options, such as gene therapy and immunotherapy are rapidly gaining momentum. One of the most promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer is the vaccination of cancer patients with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with tumor antigens.

show abstract

Section: Dendritic Cell Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cell Therapy of Primary Brain Tumors

Söling

Rainov

2001

Mol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consistent with this, some investigators [72±75] have reported difficulties in generating [76] monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) in cancer patients, whereas others have not [73]. Cancers may also influence DC production at an even earlier level and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been suggested to suppress DC production in the bone marrow [77].…”

Section: In Human Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cells and Cancer: Prospects for Cancer Vaccination

Hart

Jackson²,

Nestle³

2002

Cancer Immune Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effective therapeutic cancer vaccination is an old dream, now rekindled by modern advances in cell biology and immunology. Several key facts have inspired the current optimism for clinical immunotherapy trials. First, the realization that, by definition, every malignant cell must express at least one gene product in an abnormal fashion means that theoretically there is at least one tumor-associated antigen (TAA) (it may be an autoantigen) available as a target. Secondly, we now know that any cellular protein (membrane, cytoplasmic or nuclear) may be presented as a peptide, in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, for recognition by the T lymphocyte receptor complex. Thirdly, whilst it is clear that the immune response has failed the cancer patient, it is also true that it has not suffered irreversible meltdown, i. e. deletion of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes. Finally, it is now recognized that dendritic cells (DCs) are the key cellular elements for initiating and directing immune responses. As DC biology appears to be abnormal in cancer patients, the simplest hypothesis of the day is to use activated DCs to present relevant TAAs to the patient's immune system and thus generate an effective therapeutic response. This chapter will review the physiology of DC biology in the cancer patient, DC preparations and clinical trial results, whilst predicting areas requiring attention in order to optimize DC cancer vaccination for future patient benefit. DC PropertiesDCs originate from CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells, circulate in peripheral blood and are found in virtually all tissues of the body. In peripheral blood, DCs are a morphologically heterogeneous cell population, including DCs with membrane processes (ªmyeloid DCº) and DCs with plasmacytoid morphology (ªplasmacytoid monocytesº, ªplasmacytoid T lymphocyteº, ªlymphoid DCsº) [1,2]. In the skin, DCs are present as epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) with their characteristic Birbeck ISBNs: 3-527-30441-X (Hardback);(Electronic) 3-527-60079-5 granules [3] and dermal DCs [4,5], which have a subtly different morphology and phenotype. In secondary lymphoid tissues they are present as interdigitating DCs with prominent membrane processes in the T cell area and as ªplasmacytoid monocytesº around high endothelial venules (HEVs) [6]. Monocytes may also differentiate directly into DC-like cells in sites of inflammation [7]. Whilst there is some uncertainty about the identity of the different DC populations and their differentiation, it is clear that a variety of growth factors and cytokines drive DC development [8]. Furthermore, chemokines direct their migration [9] and other soluble compounds influence their function.Blood DCs are commonly defined as lineage negative (Lin ± ), MHC class II positive (MHC-II + ) cells, lacking the CD14 (monocyte), CD3 (T cell), CD19 (B cell) and CD56 [natural killer (NK) cell] lineage markers, but expressing MHC class II molecules at high density, on their surface. They express various adhesion molecules including CD11 a ...

show abstract