Reproducibility of retinal oxygen saturation in normal and treated glaucomatous eyes

Goharian, Iman; Iverson, Shawn M.; Ruiz, Rosa Catalina; Kishor, Krishna; Greenfield, David S.; Sehi, Mitra

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305718

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The analysis of oxygenation by quadrant was very important on the research of various ocular diseases. Our study suggested that the repeatability and reproducibility of oxygen saturation retinal oximetry measurements for retinal arterioles and venules in normal monkeys were high, which was similar to reports on human eyes [ 17 – 20 ]. Yip et al [ 14 ] assess the determinants of retinal vessel oximetry measurements and their reliability with an Oxymap T1 Retinal Oximeter in 188 eyes of normal Asian subjects and found that the ICC values ranged from 0.89 to 0.99 for intragrader reliability and 0.85 to 0.96 for intravisit repeatability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Normative Values of Retinal Oxygen Saturation in Rhesus Monkeys: The Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) Study

Yang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveTo study the normal values of the retinal oxygen saturation in Rhesus monkeys and to evaluated repeatability and reproducibility of retinal oxygen saturation measurements.MethodsEighteen adult Rhesus macaque monkeys were included in this experimental study. An Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter (Oxymap, Reykjavik, Iceland) was used to perform oximetry on all subjects. Global arterial (SaO2) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), arteriovenous difference in SO2 were measured. In the first examination, each eye was imaged three times. At the following two examinations, each eye was imaged once. All examinations were finished in one month. P values were calculated to evaluate the difference between the measurements during three visits by performing an ANOVA. Intra-visit and inter-visit intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was determined.ResultsAt baseline, the average SaO2 and SvO2 were 89.48 ± 2.64% and 54.85 ± 2.18%, respectively. The global A-V difference was 34.63 ± 1.91%. The difference between the three visits was not significant (p>0.05). The highest A-V difference in SO2 and lowest saturations were found in the inferotemporal quadrant. Intra-session and inter-visit repeatability were both high. For all oxygen saturation parameters, the ICC values of the intra-session repeatability ranged between 0.92 and 0.96. As found previously, a relatively high ICC value for inter-visit repeatability also was found for all oxygen saturation measurements, ranging between 0.86 and 0.94, with the lowest values in the infero-nasal quadrant.ConclusionsOur study is the first to describe retinal SO2 in healthy Rhesus monkeys. In normal monkey eyes, the reproducibility and repeatability of retinal oximetry oxygen saturation measurements were high in the retinal arterioles and venules. Our results support that Oxymap T1 retinal oximetry is a suitable and reliable technique in monkey studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Normative Values of Retinal Oxygen Saturation in Rhesus Monkeys: The Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) Study

Yang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…The newest studies showed better results on the reproducibility than older studies (Goharian et al. ; Turksever et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Retinal oximetry in patients with ischaemic retinal diseases

Rilvén

Torp

Grauslund

2016

Acta Ophthalmologica

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The retinal oximeter is a new tool for non-invasive measurement of retinal oxygen saturation in humans. Several studies have investigated the associations between retinal oxygen saturation and retinal diseases. In the present systematic review, we examine whether there are associations between retinal oxygen saturation and retinal ischaemic diseases. We used PubMed and Embase to search for retinal oxygen saturation and retinal ischaemic diseases. Three separate searches identified a total of 79 publications. After two levels of manual screening, 10 studies were included: six about diabetic retinopathy (DR) and four about retinal vein occlusion. No studies about retinal artery occlusion were included. In diabetes, all studies found that increases in retinal venous oxygen saturation (rvSatO ) were associated with present as well as increasing levels of DR. Four of six studies also found increased retinal arterial oxygen saturation (raSatO ) in patients with DR. In patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), all studies found that rvSatO was reduced, but raSatO remained unchanged. Branch retinal vein occlusion was not associated with changes in retinal oxygen saturation, but this was based on a single study. In conclusion, DR is associated with increased rvSatO and might also be related to increased raSatO . Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is correlated with increased rvSatO but unrelated to raSatO . Prospective studies are needed to expand these findings. These would tell whether retinal oximetry could be a potential tool for screening or a biomarker of treatment outcome in patients with ischaemic retinal diseases.

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“…; Goharian et al. ), although the reliability may be affected by factors such as the angle of gaze. Palsson et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal oxygen saturation in 1461 healthy children aged 7–19 and its associated factors

Liu

Yao

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate age‐specific normative retinal oxygen saturation values and explore the associated factors in healthy Chinese school‐aged children with different refractive statuses. Design Population‐based observational cross‐sectional study. Methods Children aged 7–19 years were enrolled. Each participant underwent a series of comprehensive ocular examinations, including axial length (AL), cycloplegic refraction and Oxymap T1 imagery following cycloplegia. The acquired oximetry images were measured, and the values of the retinal oxygen saturation parameters were calculated. The independent factors of the retinal oxygen saturation were analysed using multiple linear regression. The oxygen saturation of retinal arteries (SaO2) and veins (SvO2) as well as the differences between the arteries and veins (AVD) were measured as the main outcomes. Results In total, 1461 participants were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 12.1 ± 3.2 years, and 53.0% were boys. The mean SaO2, SvO2 and AVD values were 83.7 ± 6.4%, 50.1 ± 5.4% and 33.6 ± 5.4%, respectively, and the values increased with age. Girls had higher SvO2 and lower AVD than boys (p < 0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficients among spherical equivalent (SE) and SaO2, SvO2 and AVD were −0.372, −0.203 and −0.240, respectively (all p < 0.001), while the correlations between AL and SaO2, SvO2 and AVD were 0.276, 0.106 and 0.221, respectively (all p < 0.001). The myopia group had significantly higher SaO2, SvO2 and AVD than the emmetropia and hyperopia groups (p < 0.001), but the high myopia group had lower SaO2 and SvO2 than the moderate myopia group. When age, gender, body mass index (BMI), intraocular pressure (IOP) and axial length (AL) were included as factors in the multiple regression, older age was associated with higher SaO2, SvO2 and AVD, while longer AL was associated with higher SaO2 and AVD. Gender was an independent factor predicting SvO2, while gender and BMI were the independent factors predicting AVD. Age explained more variance than AL in SaO2, SvO2 and AVD. Conclusions Our population‐based study provides age‐specific profiles of retinal oxygen saturation in Chinese children and adolescents. Older age and longer AL were important independent factors of increased retinal oxygen saturation.

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Reproducibility of retinal oxygen saturation in normal and treated glaucomatous eyes

Abstract: Retinal oximetry measurements using SRO are highly reproducible in both treated glaucomatous and normal eyes.

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Normative Values of Retinal Oxygen Saturation in Rhesus Monkeys: The Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) Study

Normative Values of Retinal Oxygen Saturation in Rhesus Monkeys: The Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) Study

Retinal oximetry in patients with ischaemic retinal diseases

Retinal oxygen saturation in 1461 healthy children aged 7–19 and its associated factors

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