Reproduction and teratogenic studies of a 2:1 mixture of 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide and 3-trifluoromethyl-4,4′-dichlorocarbanilide in rats and rabbits

Nolen, G.A.; Dierckman, T.A.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(79)90366-1

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since the 1960s it has been known that severe exposure to TCC is associated with neonatal methemoglobinemia and reduced birth weights and reduced fetal survival rates in rats. 42,43 More recently, this compound was reported to exhibit endocrine-disrupting functions by enhancing androgen action without exhibiting agonistic activity by itself. 26,44−46 In addition, TCC was shown to elicit anti-inflammatory effects, which may be exploited therapeutically by inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase in an in vivo murine model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Fetal Exposure to Triclosan and Triclocarban in an Urban Population from Brooklyn, New York

Pycke

Geer

Dalloul

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

156

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Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobial agents formulated in a wide variety of consumer products (including soaps, toothpaste, medical devices, plastics, and fabrics) that are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In late 2014, the FDA will consider regulating the use of both chemicals, which are under scrutiny regarding lack of effectiveness, potential for endocrine disruption, and potential contribution to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Here, we report on body burdens of TCS and TCC resulting from real-world exposures during pregnancy. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we determined the concentrations of TCS, TCC, and its human metabolites (2′-hydroxy-TCC and 3′-hydroxy-TCC) as well as the manufacturing byproduct (3′-chloro-TCC) as total concentrations (Σ−) after conjugate hydrolysis in maternal urine and cord blood plasma from a cohort of 181 expecting mother/infant pairs in an urban multiethnic population from Brooklyn, NY recruited in 2007–09. TCS was detected in 100% of urine and 51% of cord blood samples after conjugate hydrolysis. The interquartile range (IQR) of detected TCS concentrations in urine was highly similar to the IQR reported previously for the age-matched population of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2004, but typically higher than the IQR reported previously for the general population (detection frequency = 74.6%). Urinary levels of TCC are reported here for the first time from real-world exposures during pregnancy, showing a median concentration of 0.21 μg/L. Urinary concentrations of TCC correlated well with its phase-I metabolite ∑-2′-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.49) and the manufacturing byproduct ∑-3′-chloro-TCC C (r = 0.79), and ∑-2′-hydroxy-TCC correlated strongly with ∑-3′-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.99). This human biomonitoring study presents the first body burden data for TCC from exposures occurring during pregnancy and provides additional data on composite exposure to TCS (i.e., from both consumer-product use and environmental sources) in the maternal–fetal unit for an urban population in the United States.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Fetal Exposure to Triclosan and Triclocarban in an Urban Population from Brooklyn, New York

Pycke

Geer

Dalloul

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

156

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“…It has been found to cause decreased birth weight and survival rate in rats [10]. In humans, exposure to TCC has been associated with methemoglobinemia [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated on-line column-switching HPLC–MS/MS method for the quantification of triclocarban and its oxidative metabolites in human urine and serum

Zhou

Calafat

2012

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…A study performed at a typical U.S. wastewater treatment plant has demonstrated that approximately three-quarters of TCC disposed by the consumers is released to the environment in the form of sludge which is often used in agriculture 1, 3, 6. Potential human health risks resulting from TCC exposures were addressed in the literature over two decades ago 7. However, at that time it was not recognized that TCC could act as an endocrine disrupting substance (EDS) at exposure levels that are a fraction of those required for traditionally recognized toxic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Triclocarban on Intact Immature Male Rat: Augmentation of Androgen Action

et al. 2011

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Triclocarban (TCC; 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide) is an antimicrobial agent used widely in various personal hygiene products including soaps. Recently, TCC has been shown to enhance testosterone-induced effects in vitro and to enlarge accessory sex organs in castrated male rats. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of TCC on intact age matched male rats and on human prostate LNCaP and C4–2B cells. Seven-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a normal diet or a diet supplemented with TCC (0.25% in diet) for ten days. TCC induced hyperplasia of accessory sex organs in the absence of significant qualitative histological changes. Serum LH and testosterone were not significantly altered by TCC treatment. In prostate cancer derived LNCaP and C4–2B cells, TCC potentiated androgen actions via androgen receptor-dependent actions. In conclusion, TCC significantly affects intact male reproductive organs and potentiates androgen effects in prostate cancer cells.

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Reproduction and teratogenic studies of a 2:1 mixture of 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide and 3-trifluoromethyl-4,4′-dichlorocarbanilide in rats and rabbits

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Human Fetal Exposure to Triclosan and Triclocarban in an Urban Population from Brooklyn, New York

Human Fetal Exposure to Triclosan and Triclocarban in an Urban Population from Brooklyn, New York

Automated on-line column-switching HPLC–MS/MS method for the quantification of triclocarban and its oxidative metabolites in human urine and serum

Effects of Triclocarban on Intact Immature Male Rat: Augmentation of Androgen Action

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