Reproductive Energetics of the African Reed Frogs, Hyperolius viridiflavus and Hyperolius marmoratus

Grafe, T. Ulmar; Schmuck, Richard A.; Linsenmair, K. Eduard

doi:10.1086/physzool.65.1.30158244

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Frog calls can be very loud sounds, with sound pressures of 100-120 dB at 50 cm distance (e.g., Gerhardt 1975;Passmore 1981), and in many species of frogs, emission of advertisement calls is probably the most costly activity in terms of energy expenditure (Pough et al 1992;Grafe et al 1992;Grafe & Thein 2001), with metabolic rates of callers increasing up to tenfold over the resting metabolism (Wells 2007). Temporal variables of calls correlate with energy expenditure and male frogs can adjust them in the presence of other callers.…”

Section: Energetics and Endocrine Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

Köhler

Jansen

Rodríguez³

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

481

410

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Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these sounds. Our focus is on advertisement calls, which serve as premating isolation mechanisms and, therefore, convey important taxonomic information. We provide recommendations for terminology of frog vocalizations, with call, note and pulse being the fundamental subunits to be used in descriptions and comparisons. However, due to the complexity and diversity of these signals, an unequivocal application of the terms call and note can be challenging. We therefore provide two coherent concepts that either follow a note-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units of sound as notes, and their entirety as call) or a call-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units as call whenever they are separated by long silent intervals) in terminology. Based on surveys of literature, we show that numerous call traits can be highly variable within and between individuals of one species. Despite idiosyncrasies of species and higher taxa, the duration of calls or notes, pulse rate within notes, and number of pulses per note appear to be more static within individuals and somewhat less affected by temperature. Therefore, these variables might often be preferable as taxonomic characters over call rate or note rate, which are heavily influenced by various factors. Dominant frequency is also comparatively static and only weakly affected by temperature, but depends strongly on body size. As with other taxonomic characters, strong call divergence is typically indicative of species-level differences, whereas call similarities of two populations are no evidence for them being conspecific. Taxonomic conclusions can especially be drawn when the general advertisement call structure of two candidate species is radically different and qualitative call differences are thus observed. On the other hand, quantitative differences in call traits might substantially vary within and among conspecific populations, and require careful evaluation and analysis. We provide guidelines for the taxonomic interpretation of advertisement call differences in sympatric and allopatric situations, and emphasize the need for an integrative use of multiple datasets (bio-acoustics, morphology, genetics), particularly for allopatric scenarios. We show that small-sized frogs often emit calls with frequency components in the ultrasound spectrum, although it is unlikely that these high frequencies are of biological relevance for the majority of them, and we illustrate that detection of upper harmonics depends also on recording distance because higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly. Bioacoustics remains a prime approach in integrative taxonomy of anurans if uncertainty due to possible intraspecific variation and technical artifacts is adequately considered and acknowledged.

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Section: Energetics and Endocrine Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

Köhler

Jansen

Rodríguez³

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

481

410

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because electric signals enable electrolocation as well as communication, electric fish need to generate their EODs continuously to monitor changes in their surroundings. This dual function of electric signals increases selective pressure for low cost (Bucher et al, 1982), 2 (Eberhardt, 1994), 3 (Grafe et al, 1992), 4 (Hoback and Wagner, 1997), 5 (Horn et al, 1995), 6 (Kavanagh, 1987, 7 (Lee andLoher, 1993), 8 (Prestwich andWalker, 1981), 9 (Prestwich et al, 1989), 10 (Reinhold et al, 1998), 11 (Stevens and Josephson, 1977), 12 (Taigen and Wells, 1985).…”

Section: How Does the Energetic Cost Of Electric Signals Compare Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in energetic costs explain sexual dimorphism in the circadian rhythm modulation of the electrocommunication signal of the gymnotiform fishBrachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus

Salazar

Stoddard

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYTo understand the evolution of sexually dimorphic communication signals, we must quantify their costs, including their energetic costs, the regulation of these costs, and the difference between the costs for the sexes. Here, we provide the first direct measurements of the relative energy expended on electric signals and show for the focal species Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus that males spend a significantly greater proportion of their total energy budget on signal generation (11-22%) compared with females (3%). Both sexes significantly reduce the energy spent on electric signals during daylight hours through circadian modulation of the amplitude, duration and repetition rate of the electric signal, but this effect is more marked in males.

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“…During drought periods, the most important problems faced by adult anurans are desiccation, nitrogen waste accumulation, and food shortage. Adaptations to these factors have been intensively investigated in recent years in the African savannah-dwelling superspecies Hyperolius viridiflavus Linsenmair 1986, 1988;Kobelt and Linsenmair 1986, 1995Schmuck and Linsenmair 1988;Grafe et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choice of optimal oviposition sites by Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Anura: Ranidae) in an unpredictable and patchy environment

1997

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The rock pools on the river bank of the Comoé National Park (West Africa) provide a very diverse and unpredictable environment for anuran larval development. Because rock pools differ considerably in biotic and abiotic parameters, it should be adaptive for reproducing anurans to choose the most suitable oviposition sites. During the beginning of each rainy season (March to May), from 1991 to 1995, we investigated the allocation of breeding sites by Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, counted the number of eggs, and measured several biotic and abiotic factors that might influence the choice of a spawning site. The probability of predation by conspecific cannibalistic tadpoles and the water-holding capacity (WHC) of pools were the best predictor of number of eggs laid. We experimentally investigated the influence of these two parameters on egg-laying and showed that adults potentially can assess the presence, density, and size of tadpoles in pools by chemical cues. Likewise, manipulation of the water-holding capacity caused a rapid change in egg-laying behavior. To assess the risk of desiccation, frogs have to visit familiar pools repeatedly to monitor the decrease in volume over time and thus gain information about the pools' water-holding capacity.

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Reproductive Energetics of the African Reed Frogs, Hyperolius viridiflavus and Hyperolius marmoratus

Abstract: 153We investigated the reproductive energetics of two reed frogs, Hyperolius viridiflavus ommatostictus and Hyperolius marmoratus taeniatus.

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

Sex differences in energetic costs explain sexual dimorphism in the circadian rhythm modulation of the electrocommunication signal of the gymnotiform fishBrachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus

Choice of optimal oviposition sites by Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Anura: Ranidae) in an unpredictable and patchy environment

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