Reproductive hormone concentrations in faeces during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i>) and muskoxen (<i>Ovibos moschatus</i>)

Desaulniers, Daniel; Goff, A.K.; Betteridge, K.; Rowell, Janice E.; Flood, P. F.

doi:10.1139/z89-165

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In general, the results demonstrated a similar pattern in faecal progestogens as plasma progesterone, with an overall moderate significant relationship between the measurements. Similar correlative findings in cattle have been previously reported by Masunda et al (1999) in tropical Nkone cows in Zimbabwe, by Rosnina et al (2012) in tropical Kedah Kelantan heifers and cows in Malaysia, by Hattab et al (2000) in buffalo cows in Egypt, and Desaulniers et al (1989) in Holstein-Freisian dairy cows and even wild muskoxen cows in Canada. The current results, along with these other studies support the hypothesis that faecal sampling and measurement of faecal progestogens is a valid technique to monitor reproductive cyclicity in cattle in a non-invasive manner.…”

Section: Cyclic Heiferssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Correlations in cattle between plasma and faecal changes in concentration have been previously reported by Masunda et al (1999) Hattab et al (2000) in buffalo cows in Egypt, and Desaulniers et al (1989) in Holstein-Freisian dairy cows and even wild muskoxen cows in Canada. These studies support the hypothesis that faecal sampling and measurement of faecal progestogens is a valid technique to monitor reproductive cyclicity in cattle in a non-invasive manner.…”

Section: Faecal Progestogenssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In pregnant cows strong relationships have been previously noted between plasma progesterone and faecal progestogens (Desaulniers et al 1989;Miller & Holtan 1996;Masunda et al 2002;Kornmatitsuk et al 2007). Such strong relationships are not unusual in later pregnancy with increasing progesterone production by the placenta from about day 45 of pregnancy, in addition to the continued secretion by the CL (Niswender et al 2000).…”

Section: Post-calving Cowsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Post-partum Anoestrus in Bali cattle under low-input animal production systems in Eastern Indonesia

Mumu¹

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Bali cows (Bos javanicus) are a common breed in Indonesia and are favoured by smallholders for their size and ease of husbandry. However reproduction rates can be low in some areas and poor nutritional and reproductive management including poor mating management, low availability of genetically superior bulls, poor oestrous detection, poor Artificial Insemination (AI) procedures and poor availability of inseminators at the proper time are crucial issues which are likely to affect this. This thesis examined factors affecting post-partum anoestrus (PPA) and inter-calving interval (ICI) in Bali cows and heifers. This was examined by using large data sets to identify the factors which affect pregnancy rates in villages, developing methods to detect oestrus and pregnancy in villages, examining the effect of body condition score (BCS) on hormonal patterns and by quantifying milk production in cows.A large scale analysis of records from across the eastern islands of Indonesia indicated that there was a median inter-calving interval of 380 days but that postpartum anoestrus could not be determined precisely because of poor observations of first return to oestrus and mating. These records used observational data over 2-4 years where cows under various village management procedures were observed for weight, BCS and at least dates of calving from which various reproductive parameters could be calculated. ICI proved to be most useful and accurate given the quality of observed data. The range in ICI was very large and low annual calving % were recorded. There was an association of high reproduction rate with body condition score (BCS) at calving such that a BCS >3.5 (out of 5) was associated with intercalving intervals of approximately 380 days. The median ICI across all sites was 380 days but some sites recorded 75 percentile values in excess of 500 days.In controlled pen experiments, faecal progestogens and vaginal electrical conductivity were examined as techniques to detect oestrus and pregnancy in the field. Faecal progestogens could be used successfully but there were problems with vaginal electrical conductivity in routine application and this requires more work. Cycling heifers were observed over complete cycles and plasma progesterone and faecal progestogens examined every 2 days. The pattern of faecal progestogen iii concentration over an oestrous cycle mirrored that of plasma progesterone and hence could be used to monitor the oestrous cycle and pregnancy but the sensitivity was low and a number of samples would need to be taken to detect the cycling pattern and/or pregnancy. Similarly cows were monitored over the oestrous cycle and vaginal electrical conductivity measurements made but the association was not strong or sensitive enough to be used routinely. Associations between plasma leptin or plasma IGF-1 concentration and BCS were examined in another controlled pen experiment and plasma IGF-1 concentration was increased in response to higher BCS but plasma leptin concentration was not affected. Heifers ...

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Section: Cyclic Heiferssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Faecal Progestogenssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Post-calving Cowsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Post-partum Anoestrus in Bali cattle under low-input animal production systems in Eastern Indonesia

Mumu¹

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“…Milk [11,12,32,33], saliva [11, 18, 35, 42], urine [4, 21, 24] and feces [6,13,20,31,34,40,49] are easier to collect than blood. These have been used as measurement samples to measure the steroid hormone concentration in animals, and good results have been reported in many cases.…”

Section: Test Kitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Gestagen Concentration in Feces Using a Bovine Milk Progesterone Quantitative Test EIA Kit and Its Application to Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in the Sow.

Moriyoshi

Nozoki

Ohtaki

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We attempted to measure the gestagen concentration in the feces of pigs by using a commercial bovine milk progesterone quantitative test EIA kit, and investigated the possibility of applying of this method of gestagen concentration measurement to early pregnancy diagnosis in the sow. Feces were collected from the rectum of the pig, and 0.5 g of the feces was placed in 20 ml of distilled water, stirred, and centrifuged. The supernatant was used as the fecal solution for measurement of gestagen. The procedure used for measuring gestagen in feces was the same as that for the measurement of progesterone in milk, except that a standard fecal gestagen solution (0.5-30.0 ng/ml) was prepared by the authors in the laboratory. The sensitivity of measurement using this method was 0.80 ng/ ml, or 32.0 ng/g of fecal weight. The recovery was 105.2-105.6%. Intra-assay coeffecients of variation (CVs) were 2.8-8.5%. The interassay CVs were 7.4-10.2%. Gestagen concentrations in feces measured by the present method and progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma, collected at the same time as the feces, were highly correlated (r=0.98, p<0.001). The criteria for diagnosis of pregnancy based on the fecal gestagen level was positive for a gestagen level of 200 ng/g and negative for a gestagen level of < 200 ng/ g. When fecal gestagen measurements were applied to early pregnancy diagnosis in 149 sows, the accuracy of diagnosis from day 21 to day 25 after the last mating was 96.2% for positive cases (102/106) and 95.3% for negative cases (41/43). Thus, the results of this study show the quantitative measurement of the fecal gestagen concentration in the sow using a bovine milk quantitative test EIA kit is a practical method for early pregnancy diagnosis. -KEY WORDS: early pregnancy diagnosis, feces, gestagen, quantitative test EIA kit, sow.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59(8): 695-701, 1997 easier to collect than blood. Measurements were carried out using a commercial bovine milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit, which is quick and does not require any special equipment. The authors reported good results from the application of this method to early pregnancy diagnosis in sows [27][28][29]. In the present study, the same commercial bovine milk progesterone EIA kit was used for quantitative measurement of the gestagen concentration in samples of feces, which are even easier to collect than saliva, and the applicability of this method to early pregnancy diagnosis in the sow was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test kit:The kit used for gestagen quantitative measurement was an Ovucheck bovine milk progesterone EIA kit (Cambridge Veterinary Sciences Ltd., U.K.). The microtitre plate had 96 wells with sheep progesterone antibody pre-coated in each well. The reagents included enzyme-labeled antigen-binding solution (conjugate), substrate tablets, substrate tablet soluble buffer solution, and stopping solution, as well as four types of standard progesterone milk solutions (1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 30.0 ng/ml; standard milk solution was...

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“…Pregnancy detection by fecal steroid analysis has been successfully applied to a host of ungulate species including moose (Alces alces; Monfort et al, 1992;Schwartz et al, 1995), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus; Desaulniers et al, 1989), bison (Bison bison; Kirkpatrick et al, 1992Kirkpatrick et al, , 1993Kirkpatrick et al, , 1996, Equus spp. (Bamberg et al, 1991;Kirkpatrick et al, 1991;Barkuff et al, 1993), caribou (Rangifer tarandus; Messier et al, 1990), and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis; Berkeley et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Fecal Steroid Metabolites for Pregnancy Detection Used With Single Sampling in Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis)

Schoenecker

Lyda²,

Kirkpatrick³

2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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We compared three fecal steroid metabolite assays for their usefulness in detecting pregnancy among free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) from Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Wyoming and Montana (USA) and captive bighorn ewes at ZooMontana in Billings, Montana. Fecal samples were collected from 11 free-ranging, radio-collared bighorn ewes in late January-May 2001 and from 20 free-ranging, radio-collared ewes in late March to mid-May 2002. Free-ranging ewes were monitored the following spring to determine whether or not they lambed. In addition, two captive ewes were studied at ZooMontana. With three exceptions, free-ranging bighorn ewes that produced lambs had nonspecific progesterone metabolite (iPdG) levels of Ͼ1,800 ng/g feces and iPdG levels Ͼ7,000 ng/gm feces when samples were collected between early March and mid-May. Samples collected earlier in the year were inconclusive. One false negative was suspected to be the result of sample collection error. Of the captive ewes, nonspecific pregnanediol-3␣-glucuronide (PdG) and iPdG followed a predictable curve over the course of the 180-day pregnancies. We conclude that estrone conjugates are not useful in diagnosing pregnancy; however, fecal steroid analysis of PdG and iPdG can be used to accurately determine pregnancy and reproductive function in bighorn sheep. This holds great potential as a noninvasive technique for understanding the role of reproductive disease in wild bighorn sheep.

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Reproductive hormone concentrations in faeces during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in cattle (Bos taurus) and muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus)

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

Post-partum Anoestrus in Bali cattle under low-input animal production systems in Eastern Indonesia

Post-partum Anoestrus in Bali cattle under low-input animal production systems in Eastern Indonesia

Measurement of Gestagen Concentration in Feces Using a Bovine Milk Progesterone Quantitative Test EIA Kit and Its Application to Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in the Sow.

Comparison of Three Fecal Steroid Metabolites for Pregnancy Detection Used With Single Sampling in Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis)

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