Reproductive management and performances of Bali cow kept by smallholder farmers level with different production systems in South Konawe Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to determine Bali cows’ reproductive management and performances, kept by smallholder farmers with intensive and semi-intensive production systems in South Konawe Regency. A total of 55 farmers and 110 Bali cows was interviewed and observed. The data was captured consists of farmers’ characteristics, reproductive management, and reproductive performances. An independent sample t-test analyzed the data. The farmers with intensive and semi-intensive production systems could detect the estrus well (69.57 and 59.09%) and mated by artificial insemination (AI) (70.83 and 86.11%). There was a significant difference (P <0.05) related to the first estrus age (1.98±0.82 vs. 1.92±0.18 years), the first mating age (2.84±0.23 vs. 2.77±0.34 years), service per conception with natural mating and AI (1.00±0.00 vs. 1.20±0.42 and 1.70±0.76 vs. 1.44±0.57 times). There were no significant differences in the first calving age, gestation length, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, weaning age, calving interval, and cow reproduction index. The pre-weaning mortality and calf crops were 6.25 and 9.68%; 76.79 and 71,70%. To conclude our findings, the farmers in South Konawe Regency carry out reproductive management well. Bali cows’ reproductive performance with an intensive system is better than the semi-intensive system based on the calf crop.

Post Partum Estrus of Brahman Cross Cows Inseminated with Limousine Straw in Smallholder Farm

“…The main factors affecting PPE are nutritional status and weaning. However, there are several other factors that influence PPE, including breed, age, number of calf, milk production, calving season, availability of males, uterine status, distocia and livestock health [3,4]. Calf weaning is a factor that affects the postpartum interval.…”

“…As cattle farming is not the primary job, attention to cattle farming management is not fully given [2]. With such maintenance characteristics, the performance, particularly reproduction, can not be optimized [3,4]. One of the reproductive performances of a cow is postpartum estrus.…”

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“…Mayoritas sapi potong di Kabupeten Rembang dipelihara petani dan atau peternak kecil dengan skala kepemilikan 2-4 ekor dan tujuan pemeliharaan hanya sebagai tabungan (Prasetya et al, 2019). Mukson et al (2008) (Budisatria et al, 2019;Budisatria et al 2021;Baliarti et al 2021).…”

“…Sapi-sapi tersebut dikunjungi secara periodik, dan informasi tentang kinerja reproduksi setiap sapi dikumpulkan dengan wawancara tatap muka dan pengukuran maupun pengamatan langsung. Data kinerja induk sapi PO yang diamati meliputi umur pertama estrus, umur pertama kawin, service per conception (S/C), lama bunting, umur pertama beranak, umur sapih, kawin setelah beranak, dan jarak beranak (Budisatria et al, 2019;Baliarti et al, 2020;Budisatria et al 2021;Baliarti et al 2021). Data dihitung rata-rata dan standar deviasinya kemudian dibahas secara deskriptif kuantitatif.…”

The Reproductive Performance of Ongole Grade Cows at Smallholder Farmer with Different Housing Systems

“…Older farmers have more experience than younger farmers [8], [9], which makes cattle management from one farmer to another different. Differences in management by breeders affect the reproductive performance of cattle [8], [10].…”