Research on cellulose nanocrystals produced from cellulose sources with various polymorphs

Gong, Jie; Li, Jun; Xu, Jun; Xiang, Zhouyang; Mo, Lihuan

doi:10.1039/c7ra06222b

Cited by 418 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The presence of two endothermic peaks confirmed that the sulfuric acid hydrolysis impacted the thermal stability of unmodified CNCs …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The presence of two endothermic peaks confirmed that the sulfuric acid hydrolysis impacted the thermal stability of unmodified CNCs. 35 The first peak observed between 250 and 300 8C was small and the second peak which dominated the overall process occurred between 290 and 350 8C. The first peak was related decomposition of the negatively charged sulfate groups on CNCs and the second peak can be related to depolymerization of cellulose in competition with dehydration.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 92%

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Green esterification: A new approach to improve thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals

Shojaeiarani

Bajwa

Stark

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs)‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites were prepared using twin screw extrusion followed by injection molding. Masterbatch approach was used to achieve more efficient dispersion of CNCs in PLA matrix. Modified CNCs (b‐CNCs) were prepared using benzoic acid as a nontoxic material through a green esterification method in a solvent‐free technique. Transmission electron microscopy images did not exhibit significant differences in the structure of b‐CNCs as compared with unmodified CNCs. However, a reduction of 6.6–15.5% in the aspect ratio of b‐CNCs was observed. The fracture surface of PLA‐b‐CNCs nanocomposites exhibited rough and irregular pattern which confirmed the need of more energy for fracture. Pristine CNCs showed a decrease in the thermal stability of nanocomposites, however, b‐CNCs nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal stability than pure PLA. The average storage modulus was improved by 38 and 48% by addition of CNCs and b‐CNCs in PLA, respectively. The incorporation of b‐CNCs increased Young's modulus, ultimate tensile stress, elongation at break, and impact strength by 27.02, 10.90, 4.20, and 32.77%, respectively, however, CNCs nanocomposites exhibited a slight decrease in ultimate strength and elongation at break. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46468.

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“…The presence of two endothermic peaks confirmed that the sulfuric acid hydrolysis impacted the thermal stability of unmodified CNCs …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Green esterification: A new approach to improve thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals

Shojaeiarani

Bajwa

Stark

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Figure 3 (a) shows the XRD pattern of alpha cellulose that is highly amorphous as exhibited by the low intensity of peak at 22.5 o angular position of 2θ and it represents cellulose I structure. This amorphous region defines more disordered structure which means low crystal region as well as low degree of crystallinity [19,20]. Figure 3 [19].…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Cotton Yarn Spinning Mills Wastes: Effect of Pretreatment and Hydrolysis Reaction Condition on the Product Characteristics

Yulina¹,

Gustiani²,

Kasipah³

et al. 2020

E3S Web Conf.

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Cotton wastes from cotton yarn spinning mills has been utilized as an alternative resource for the production of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC), an important ingredient in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industries, etc. The main processes conducted including cotton wastes sorting, cotton lint pretreatment, and alpha cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, several parameters on pretreatment and hydrolysis were varied in order to produce MCC which characteristics were evaluated comparing to Avicel PH-101, a commercial MCC product. Pretreatment was carried out using 17.5% alkali (w/v) at temperature 80 o C for 30 minutes, followed by a bleaching process at 5-30% H2O2 (v/v). The hydrolysis reaction was done using 1.25 M sulfuric acid, at temperature 80 o C and 96 o C for 2-4 hours. Results showed that pretreatment process with alkali for 30 minutes followed by a bleaching process with 5% H2O2 (v/v) was able to isolate 87% alpha cellulose with 99.98% of purity. The yields of MCC powders produced from acid hydrolysis of alpha cellulose at 96 o C for 2, 3, and 4 hours were 74.6%, 70.2%, and 42.8%, respectively. According to the SEM, infrared spectra, and XRD results, the process conducted was applicable to produce MCC that physically and chemically similar to the characteristics of Avicel PH-101.

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“…XRD pattern of the initial OPEFB-MCC was shown in Figure 1 (a) -(b). The crystalline structure was cellulose II showing its reflections around 2θ= 12, 20 and 22 [10,11]. After 4 h mechanical grinding course, the original fibrous MCC was converted into the aggregated globular particles resulting in decrease of the crystalline index (CrI).…”

Section: Morphological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements were recorded at room temperature over the 2θ range 3-50°, with a 0.02° step size. The crystallinity and the crystallite size were calculated using previous method in [10].…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Structural Changes in Microcrystalline Cellulose from OPEFB by Mechanical Grinding

Herawan

Panjaitan

Yamanaka

2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Research on cellulose nanocrystals produced from cellulose sources with various polymorphs

Abstract: Properties of CNCs obtained from cellulose with various polymorphs were investigated and compared.

Cited by 418 publications

References 36 publications

Green esterification: A new approach to improve thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals

Green esterification: A new approach to improve thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals

Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Cotton Yarn Spinning Mills Wastes: Effect of Pretreatment and Hydrolysis Reaction Condition on the Product Characteristics

Morphological and Structural Changes in Microcrystalline Cellulose from OPEFB by Mechanical Grinding

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