“…Presently, although a variety of treatments are available for neck pain relief of CS, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, [ 17 ] physiotherapy, [ 18 , 19 ] analgesics, [ 20 , 21 ] among others, those therapies have limited efficacy in relieving neck pain and many of them are associated with cumbersome side effects. It has been reported that alternative medicine, such as acupuncture, [ 22 ] neck exercise, [ 18 , 23 ] percutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (PNMES), [ 24 ] herbal medication, [ 25 ] and so on, has been widely used to treat neck pain of CS, and with few adverse events (AEs), or even without AEs. However, no randomized controlled trials focused to explore the effectiveness and safety of PNMES for neck pain relief in patients with CS.…”