Research Progress of Metal-Organic Frameworks Based Antibacterial Materials

Abstract

With the accelerating process of industrialization and urbanization, as well as the increasing proportion of the elderly in the world's population, we are facing more complex health threats related to bacterial infection. While the vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, the continued abuse and misuse of antibiotics has accelerated the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and has resulted in substantial new challenges with respect to modern-day antibiotic-based treatments. Therefore, intelligent design of new antibacterial modalities to be used for treating human and livestock diseases is an extremely urgent priority for researchers in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, materials and biomedical sciences. Toward this end, the most intriguing of the new developments are metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs are versatile crystalline porous lattices of organic ligands and metal ion/clusters that formed by self-assembly via coordination bonds. Due to their unique characteristics, including relatively straight forward and simple methods for synthesis, large surface areas, novel and diverse structures, and adjustable porosity, MOFs not only play strong roles with respect to novel methods for gas storage and separation, they may also be utilized in unique applications associated with sensors mechanisms and catalysis. These features contribute to our current understanding of MOFs as promising candidates for the development of pharmaceutical and specifically antibacterial applications. In this review, antibacterial mechanisms, and the development of resistance to current antibiotic strategies are summarized and discussed. The main mechanisms by which bacteria show resistance to antibiotics include altered metabolic pathways, regulation of target sites, and inactivation, modification, and/or reduction in the capacity to accumulate antibacterial drugs. We consider recent progress on the development of MOFs, including the use of specific metal centers and ligands, metal nanoparticles, and drug-encapsulation, all of which have important applications with respect to antibacterial activities, and wound healing. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MOF-based antibacterial materials are discussed, including critical findings, which will help toward the development of the next generation antibacterial MOFs for human use.

Temperature Feedback‐Controlled Photothermal/Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy Based on NaGdF4:Er,Yb@NaGdF4:Nd@Cu‐BIF Nanoassemblies

“…Additionally, terephthalic acid (TA) is used as the NIR‐triggered ·OH generation probe, which generates a strong characteristic fluorescent signal at 426 nm. [ 18a ] Figure 3d shows that ·OH is steadily generated throughout the reaction. In contrast, there are no conspicuous differences in the absorption and fluorescence intensity for the control group, as shown in Figure S7 in the Supporting Information.…”

“…[ 17 ] Especially, BIFs can generate large amount of ROS. [ 18 ] Therefore, following core–shell UCNPs@BIFs nanoassemblies is an ambitious strategy to potentially exhibit outstanding performance in PTT/PDT/CDT combination tumor therapy. However, until now, the precise self‐assembly of highly crystallized core–shell UCNPs@MOFs nanoassemblies remains a significant challenge.…”

Sepsis Treatment Strategies Based on Nanomaterials※

“…多粘菌素 B (polymyxin B, PMB)是一类强有效的抗 菌类药物, 但存在肾毒性和神经毒性问题 [23] , 限制了其 在脓毒症全身治疗中的临床应用 [24] . Yang 等 [25] 抗生素的过度使用导致耐药细菌的频繁出现, 已成 为严重影响全球人类健康的主要问题 [26] . 目前, 在抗细 菌感染方面, 已经出现了很多抗生素的替代策略, 包括 抗菌肽、噬菌体、阳离子化合物和纳米颗粒等 [27] .…”

2D/3D Copper-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…They possess many promising features like tunable structures, active sites, rapid electron transmission, and high surface area (Lee et al, 2009;Gu et al, 2014). MOFs have been extensively used in electrochemical applications (Chen et al, 2020;Lu et al, 2020;Wei et al, 2020), gas storages (Hinks et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2020), and biomedical fields like wound healing (Fu et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021), enhanced cancer therapy (Luo et al, 2019), imaging (Lu et al, 2018), antibacterial agents (Qi et al, 2020), cell detection (Shi et al, 2021), and drug delivery (Simon-Yarza et al, 2018) because of excellent physical and chemical properties. In addition, MOFs with catalytic activity have become an ideal modified material of electrochemical sensors for detection in real samples (Guo et al, 2020;He et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021).…”