Resistance Evolution to EPSPS Inhibiting Herbicides in False Barley (Hordeum murinum) Harvested in Southern Spain

Vázquez-García, José G.; Castro, P.; Torra, Joel; Cruz, Ricardo Alcántara‐de la

doi:10.3390/agronomy10070992

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, this herbicide has been successfully and extensively used in a broad range of agricultural and non-agricultural areas both against monocot and dicot weeds [7]. Glyphosate in its various formulations has been continuously applied, especially in recent 2 of 12 decades, in orchards, vineyards, olive groves and cereal fields in many countries of the Mediterranean basin [3,8]. As a weak acid, glyphosate needs to be applied in a form of salt, with the isopropylamine, potassium and ammonium salts among the common formulations [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Control of Glyphosate Susceptible and Resistant Conyza sumatrensis Populations Be Dependent on the Herbicide Formulation or Adjuvants?

Palma-Bautista

Tataridas

Kanatas³

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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In this work, we studied the effect of three glyphosate formulations (isopropylamine, ammonium and potassium salts) and two non-ionic adjuvants on the resistance response of two resistant (R1, R2) and one susceptible population of the highly invasive Asteraceae, Conyza sumatrensis, from Southern France vineyards. Only in R1, an amino acid substitution (Pro106Thr) was found in the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). The two adjuvants, in a similar fashion, significantly reduced GR50 values for every population and glyphosate formulation. Without adjuvants, glyphosate as potassium salt was the only formulation able to significantly reduce the GR50 values of every population. For every population, the two adjuvants improved, indistinguishably, leaf retention of the herbicidal solution and the potassium salt formulation led to the highest retention, both with and without the adjuvant added. Uptake responses paralleled those of retention and adjuvant addition was more effective in increasing foliar uptake of the lower performing formulations (isopropylamine and ammonium salts). The allocation pattern of glyphosate among plant compartments was only dependent on population, with R2 retaining most glyphosate in the treated leaf, clearly suggesting the occurrence of a Non-Target Site Resistance (NTSR) mechanism. Results indicate that control of weed populations possessing NTSR mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate may be improved through adequate selection of formulation and adjuvant use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Control of Glyphosate Susceptible and Resistant Conyza sumatrensis Populations Be Dependent on the Herbicide Formulation or Adjuvants?

Palma-Bautista

Tataridas

Kanatas³

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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“…The crops with the largest irrigated area are olive groves, citrus-trees, rice (flooding irrigation), wheat, and corn under direct sowing, as well as orchards and lately, for the last 20 years, new almond-tree plantations in an intensive regime. The use of glyphosate for many years under the row in perennial crops and also in fallow fields imposed massive selection pressure on the treated weeds, leading to the emergence of resistance, mainly in Mediterranean Europe ( González-Torralva et al, 2012 , 2014 ; Fernández-Moreno et al, 2017a , b ; Amaro-Blanco et al, 2018 ; Vázquez-García et al, 2020a , b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research also concluded that RF based in GR 50 values separated these 13 populations in three groups, S, R, and VR ( Figure 2 ). All resistant populations had values greater than 4, a requirement to be considered resistant ( Heap, 2020 ; Vázquez-García et al, 2020a ). In addition, the LD 50 is widely employed to determine the herbicide rate need to kill the individuals of a weed population at 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five samples (50 mg of 4 mm diameter leaf discs) of each E. crus-gaalli population were taken from a pool of young and fully expanded leaves from at least 10 plants ( Vázquez-García et al, 2020a ). Leaf discs of each sample were saved in 2 ml tubes containing 1 ml of different glyphosate concentrations (0 and 1000 μM) prepared in 1 mM ammonium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 4.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli Across Agriculture Areas in the Iberian Peninsula

et al. 2021

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The levels of resistance to glyphosate of 13 barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) populations harvested across different agriculture areas in the Southern Iberian Peninsula were determined in greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Shikimate accumulation fast screening separated the populations regarding resistance to glyphosate: susceptible (S) E2, E3, E4, and E6 and resistant (R) E1, E5, E7, E8, E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13. However, resistance factor (GR50 E1–E13/GR50 E6) values separated these populations into three groups: (S) E2, E3, E4, and E6, (R) E1, E5, E7, E8, and E9, and very resistant (VR) E10, E11, E12, and E13. 14C-glyphosate assays performed on two S populations (E2 and E6) showed greater absorption and translocation than those found for R (E7 and E9) and VR (E10 and E12) populations. No previous population metabolized glyphosate to amino methyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate, except for the E10 population that metabolized 51% to non-toxic products. The VR populations showed two times more 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity without herbicide than the rest, while the inhibition of the EPSPS activity by 50% (I50) required much higher glyphosate in R and VR populations than in S populations. These results indicated that different target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms were implicated in the resistance to glyphosate in E. crus-galli. Our results conclude that resistance is independent of climate, type of crop, and geographic region and that the level of glyphosate resistance was mainly due to the selection pressure made by the herbicide on the different populations of E. crus-galli studied.

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“…Glyphosate is the most used herbicide and, in some cases, the only weed control tool, which is applied up to four times a year in high doses (≥720 g ae ha −1 ) [3]. In susceptible plants, this herbicide inhibits the activity of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), causing the accumulation of shikimic acid [9,10]. Extensive and excessive use of glyphosate to control weeds has led to select at least 45 species with resistance to this herbicide in the world [9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate Resistance in Amaranthus viridis in Brazilian Citrus Orchards

et al. 2020

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Glyphosate is the main tool for weed management in Brazilian citrus orchards, where weeds, such as Conyza bonariensis and Digitaria insularis, have been found with resistance to this herbicide. Field prospections have allowed the identification of a possible new case of glyphosate resistance. In this work, the susceptibility levels to glyphosate on three Amaranthus viridis L. populations, with suspected resistance (R1, R2, and R-IAC), collected in citrus orchards from the São Paulo State, Brazil, as well as their accumulation rates of shikimic acid, were determined. The fresh weight of the susceptible population (S) was reduced by 50% (GR50) with ~30 g ea ha−1 glyphosate, while the GR50 values of the R populations were between 5.4 and 11.3 times higher than that for S population. The LD50 (herbicide dose to kill 50% of individuals of a weed population) values of the S population were ≤150 g ea ha−1 glyphosate, while the LD50 of the R populations ranged from 600 to 920 g ea ha−1. Based on the reduction of fresh weight and the survival rate, the R1 population showed the highest level of glyphosate resistance, which had GR50 and LD50 values of 248 and 918 g ea ha−1 glyphosate, respectively. The S population accumulated 240 µg shikimic acid at 1000 µM glyphosate, while the R1, R2, and R-IAC populations accumulated only 16, 43, and 33 µg shikimic acid, respectively (between 5.6 to 15 times less than the S population). Enzyme activity assays suggested that at least one target site-type mechanism was involved in resistance. This result revealed the first report of glyphosate resistance in A. viridis reported in the world.

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Resistance Evolution to EPSPS Inhibiting Herbicides in False Barley (Hordeum murinum) Harvested in Southern Spain

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Can Control of Glyphosate Susceptible and Resistant Conyza sumatrensis Populations Be Dependent on the Herbicide Formulation or Adjuvants?

Can Control of Glyphosate Susceptible and Resistant Conyza sumatrensis Populations Be Dependent on the Herbicide Formulation or Adjuvants?

Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli Across Agriculture Areas in the Iberian Peninsula

Glyphosate Resistance in Amaranthus viridis in Brazilian Citrus Orchards

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